????:1???????:????????

2?????

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4???????

5????????????

10?15???????,?????????????????????,????????????????,????????

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?,???????????????,????????????????????????????????,???????,??????????????????????,??????????,?????????,???????????????????,????????????,???????????????????????

?????????,?????????????????,???????????“??”,“????”?

2001?????7?? ?

?,????????????,?“??,????,?”?????????????????,????????????????!

2005???????????????1??????????? ?????«“????????”?????“??????”»

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2014????11???????????????? ???

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2015????????1???? ?????????

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2015?????????????6?????? ?????????

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2021???????????9?????????????????????? ????????????????2021??????????

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???”

?????????,???,?“?????”?

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1949????????????,????,?????????????,???????248?,??????????345?,???????????0.12%????????????????,????,????????????

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1952??,?,??????????,???????????????“???????????????????”,?????????????????????????400???????????????

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1955???????????????,?????????????,???????????????????,?????????,?????????????“??????????????????????????????????”???????????

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1958?3???12???,??????????,????20?????????????????????,??

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? ???????????

??????,????????14??????,????????????20??60???,??7.3????????,?????????412???????,??96%?????????,????????????????????141???“?????????”,????????????

??????1980?,????????1981???????????????????????1???????????30???????,??,?????????66??????????

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1999??????????????????,?????2004?2????,????,??????????????“???”“?”?

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