????:1???200??:??????????

2????????

3????????

4?????????9598

5??????????

??????????10???????????1????????(?)?????????10??????????????????1?,????????????,???,????102??????

9?????????????????27??????,???????????????????????,??????????????,??,???????????????,?????????,????

??9??27??,?,???????????????????????(???:???)

????,?????????,???????,???;????????????,??????????????,???????????,???????????

“?????????,????????”

?1957?????,??????

?????,??????????????????????,?????????

?,??????,??????,???,???????

?????,???????,??,??????????,??????????,??????????

1981?,????????????????????????????????????,?,??????????????1986??????????????????

???????????????,?,????“?????”,?????

“1984??????????,??????????????????,?????????????,??????????????,????????????????,??????????:?????????????????,?,???????????????????????,??????????”????

??????????,??????“????????????????????,???????????????,???,?????????????????????,????????????????????,???????????????????”

??????:????????? 

????????“?”??????“????????????”,???????,????“?????”???????????“???”???????????,????????????:???

“??????????????????????DNA”

?????80?90??????????,?????????????????????,????“55???????????”,???????????,“55????????????????”????,???????

???????????????,???,????????????,??????,?????????????

???????

1988?????,????????????????????“??????”,?????????????????,???

????,??????????????????????????????????,???“????”?????“???????”?

?????,???????“???????”(???????????)??

1993?,“55????????????”?????????,????????????????????,?,???????????????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????????

?????????????????1997??????????,??????“??????”,????????????????,????????????:“??DNA”?

?????????“DNA”??,????

2007???????????,???????????,?????:“?????????????‘?????????,????’,??????????????????”

2009????,????,???????????????????

????????“???????”,??,????????????“??????????”???????????????????

???“???”??,????????????,??????????????,?????????????????

2012?????,????????????,???,?????2018??????????,?????,??????????45%??????????????“?????????????”?,???,???????????

????????????????,???????,???????,???????

????

???????????

2013?5????????,?????????????????????,“?????????”?????:“????????????????????,??”

???????????????,????????????????“?”????????????????“????”,?????????????????????

???:??????????????????????

???2002???????????????,??????????,????????????????“????????”?

???,????????????,??????,?????

?????????????,?????????,??????,????????????

?????,???????????“????????????”???????????????????????,????,???????“?????????????????????????????????”,??????,????????,?????????????“?????????????????”????,???

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