????:1????????:?????

2??????????????

3???????36????

4???108????????

5???????

????????????????10???????????????14?(???????)2024??????????????“???????????????”?????????10??????14???????????,2024??,Daron Acemoglu,Simon Johnson??????????????James A. Robinson?????

“??????????”????????????????

??????????????“?”?,?“??????”,???“???????????????????”???

?????????????1968??????,???????????????????????,??????????????????,????????

???????????“????”,?,???67????????2007?(Leonid Hurwicz),???,??????????????????90???????????????????????2019??(Esther Duflo),???????????????????????????46???

?,?????????????,????????????????????????????2009??????????(Elinor Ostrom)?

?:????????????????????????????????????????

?????“??????”?

????????1969???????2024??????,????56????????????????,????90???????,????

“????????????????,????,???”??????????????????

1994????????????????????????“?”??????«?????????»?????????2015??????????????,??????????????

2002??????,???“????,??????????”?????

??:2018??????????????????????????

2018??????????????????,??????(William D. Nordhaus)????????????????(Paul M. Romer),????????:“????”?“??”?

???????????,??,??????,???????????????????

??

?????????,????????????????,????????????“????”,“?????????????????”?

2017??????????????????????????????????(Richard Thaler)?“???????????????????????????”??????????????????????????????,???????????????????,??,?????????????????????????????????,??,???

?,???

??,??????7?????,???????????????500?????????????5????,?????????

??????????:2019??,??????????????

2019??????????????,???????????????????,??????????????????????????????????????,????????,?????????????????,????????????

“2019???????????????,?????????,????”??????(???)

???????????:??????