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??????10???2?? (?????? ?????????????)?????????2???????«2023?????»?,2023??(R&D)??3.3?????(???,?????????????),?????33357.1???,??8.4%,????“??”???“?????????7%??????????????”????????

??????????R&D?????2012??1???????????????,2019?????2??,2022??3???,??????R&D?,????????

??,2023??R&D???(R&D???????GDP???)???2.65%,??0.09?,?????“??”????0.02???,????????????R&D???????12???,??????(OECD)?????????????????(2.73%)?

?????????????????????R&D???2023????,??R&D?25922.2?????3856.3?????????2753.3???,??8.6%?1.1%?14.1%???????,???R&D?77.7%,?2022??????0.1??,???(79.0%)????(79.4%),????????(67.4%)?????(65.8%)??

??R&D?????????,2023?????2259.1????3661.5????????27436.5??????,??11.6%?5.1%?????8.5%????????,??R&D??6.77%,????(????????) ???:???