????:1???????:????

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3???????????

4?????668??

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?(?“????????????????”)?«2024?????»???????,???????????????

????????????1987?,???????????????,??????????????????,??????????????,??2023???????????????????????????????

??????????2023?????????,178?????????????????????161??(????????????????????????????),??51440???,???????????14227??,??27.7%,??????????

?????????????????,?????10%,????????????????????????????50????2023?????384??,???35.25????,???????????11.85?,?33.6%,????????????????????81.89???????????,?????

????????????,???1‰???????????10??????1%????

????????????????????7???????,????2071?,????????????48.4%,?2023????????????2.5%,??????????1625?????????????????????,????????????6.57????????????????,????????????????33.8%,??????????????????????????????2023??3%,???????;?????????????7.65?,?39.3%,???????????????????

«?»(Cell)?«???????»(Nature)??«??»(Science)????????????2023????,???????5907???,???????395????????????????????,??????????????????????????2022???????????

??????10????????????????????????,??????????16.20?,????(15.76???????),???,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????7?????????????????

?????????????????,2023??????,?,??????1/3?2023??,???20.4%?????73.8%,???????177???????????????????????????????(??),???????????6??????????????????????????????

?,??????????2023?????????????????????,??????,???

????,??2023?????????????????1/4?????????37??,?2022??????????2???????????;??1/4????149?,???????????2022?12?????(?????????????????? ?????????????????????) ???:????????????