????????????????

????:????????:?????????

???????“?????????????????????????”?“???”

?

??,????????????,???????????????75??????????,???????4????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????

1932??????????1959??????????????????1984???????????????????????2024????,4????,????

???,??????????????????????,?????????????????????,?????“????????????”??????????“????????”????????????????????????

???,??????,???????????????????!???????????,??????????????????????“????????????????????????”???????????,???????????“???????????,???”??,?????????????,????????????????,????????????????????????????,??????:“????……????????????”

????!????????????,????,?????

????????????????????????????,?????????,?????1959??,?????,???????????????,??????????????,???,??

??????????????????,????????,?????????????,?“????”????????????????????????????????????……????????????,?????“???,?????”,?????

???????????????1978????????,?????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????1984????????,???,??????,???????,?“????????????”????,??353?,???15????????

???????????????,?????«????????»,????,??????????,???????????,??80?“????????????????”,“???????????????,???????”???????????“????????”???????,?????????????????,????????????,????????????!

??

?????????????????,“??”????,?????2024?????????????,???,??????????????,????????????????????????,????????,????……?????????,?“??????????????”??????,???????,?????????????????,??????????????????????????,?,????:“????”“??????”?

???????????????????,????????????4????,???????,???????:“??????????????????,??”

?“????????”?

“??????????????????????????”1908????????????????,“?????????????,??,?????,????????????”???,?????:

????1932?????????????“???????”????????????“?????????”,????,???????????????405???????;

?????????1984????,???????,?????????300?????????????;

??????????????2008???????“???????”,2022????,????????????,??“???”??????????????,?????:“??????????”

???????????????????,????????“?”“???,????”,????????,????????????“????”?????????????????“?”???,“?????????”???????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????,????“??,???????70??????????????????80????90??00?????,????,???????????”?????????,??????

????????????????????,????,?????,?????

???,????????????“?????????????”?????????????????,???

1917??,«????»??????????«?????????»?,???“????”?????“????????????,????????”,???

??????????,??????,?????“?????????????,?????,???????”?????????????????????????????,?????????????????????

??????,??,????????????????,?“?????3???”???????,“???‘???????’”????2017??????,????????????1949??????????????35???,???????????????2017?????????????76.7???????????78.6???,??????????

???,??????????,????“????????????,???????”?75??????????,???????

???????????????????????,???????(?? ?????? ???? ????) ?????????:?????