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??????????1968?,???????????????,?????????,???????????????

?“?”,?????????????,??????????67????????2007??????????(Leonid Hurwicz),??????????????????????????????,???????90??????????????????2019??????????????????(Esther Duflo),?46???

????????,???????,??????????????2009????(Elinor Ostrom)?

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?1969???2024??,???56?,?????????90??????????????,????????????

“???????????,???????????????,????????????”????????????

1994??????“?????”??????????«??»??????????????????????2015??????,?????????????

2002???????????????,??“??????????????????,???????????”????????????

????:2018????????????????

2018???,?????????????????(William D. Nordhaus)??????????????????????(Paul M. Romer),????:“??”?“??????”?

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2017??????????(Richard Thaler)????????“?????”?,??????????????????,??????,????????????????????,????????????,?????????????

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2019????,?????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????????????????,??????????????

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