?? ????????|???:??????“???”?????
![](https://image.chezhanri.com/2020/0323/1bbcec0c9259bdbb319abb84bcb26397.jpg)
????:1?????????:??????????
2??????
3????????
4????50?????
5?????95??
???7?????????????????26???????????:?????“???????”?????
??????????????
?? ???????????????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/26/42eee49e277343d691510c4a8a57c7c1.jpg)
????,????????????,????????,???????«???»«?????:??????????????????????»?????????????????,???,??????????“??”,?????????,???????????“???”????
??????:
??????????:??????????????
?????:??????????????,?????????300?,???300?????,???,?“?????”??????????,?,???,????,????????????????????????????????????????,?????????
??????,???????,????????,??“????????????”?????????????,???????,????????«??????????»??«?????????»,?????21????????????,????4????????????????????;??«????»?????????????????35???,?????7?????????????;??,«????????»??????????????57?????????,??17????
???????,????????1492????,???????,????????,?????????(Columbian Exchange),??????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/26/382e0b2751f545bbbafe12c0759e1501.jpg)
??:??????????“?????????”?
??:??,?????????????????????????????????,??“?????”,?????????«??????????»??:“??????????????,??????????????”,???,??,???????????????,??????,?????(?????,???)????????,??????????????????????«???????????????»??:“?,????????”??????,??????????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/26/84f6c7f68e304e60bd83a1c9c1417099.jpg)
????,“??”,??????,?????????????????????,?????????????????,????,??????????
?????????,????????,????????????????????????,?????????????????,????????????????,????,“??,??”,?:“????????,????”
??????????«?????»???:“????????”????,?????,????????,??,???????????????????,???????????????????,?????????,?????????????,???????,?????????????,???,??????????????????,??,?????????????????
??:???“???????????”????????
???:??,?????«?????»????:????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????,???,???????????“?”???,??????????:??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????(??“??????”)????????????
????,???????????,????,????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????????,????????????,???“???????”,?????????????“??????????”,??
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/26/cda95d8e09f545a0a51130f6a1c791db.jpg)
????,??????,?????????????????????,???,??????????????“?????”,????????????,????????????????“??”,????????????????????????????????«??????»???“?????”???“??????,??????”
????:?????????,??????????????????????????
????????:???????,?,??????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????
????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????,«??»???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????,???,??????,??????????,????????????,????????????
?????,?????????????,??????,????????????????????????,????,??
?????????,???????????,??????«????»??????????:“???????????,????????????,??????????????,????????????,?????????????,?????????????????????????????”“??????”,????????,?????????????,??,????????,«?????»???????????“?????????,?,??????????”
??,????????,??????????????????,???????(???)
?????:
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/26/630b030a70924664a50006583682de78.jpg)
?????,?????????????,???????????,??????????????????:???????????????????????????????????????????????«??????»«??:??????????????????»«?????????:????????»????
????:?????????