?? ??|???:????????????????????????
![](https://image.chezhanri.com/2019/1209/e149a9758477055a14f5bec3850faa66.jpg)
????:1?????:?????????
2????
3?????????
4????????
5???????????
????????????7?23???? ???:??????????????????????
????????? ??????????????????????? «??????????????????»?????????????????????????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/23/c28e5b3e27474269b8965c984ffc9dba.jpg)
1892??????11?25??????,????????????????????????«??????»,????132?,??????????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????,??????????????
????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????:???????????,?,????????????????????????
????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????,????????????????????????????,????????????????????“?????????????????????????????????”?????????????????????????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/23/b728804dd6d440ad8f3cbfc4188560c6.jpg)
???????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????,????????,???????1896?????????,??
?,??776???????????????,????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????
?????????????????776??????????????????????,????200??????????????,?,????????????;???????770???????,???????,?????????,???????????????????????????140??????????????,??,???????????????????????,??
??????????????,???:???????????????????????????,?????????????????,?????????
????????????1500?????,1896??????????4??????????6???????????????,????????,???
1912?????????????????????????,?;1928???????????????????????,????????;1936??,????????????,???????;2004?,??????108?????????????????????,??????,????
???????????????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/23/c2aa1f494628420c8ae0819070544415.jpg)
????????????«?????????????????????????????????»?????????????«????»????????????????,????????????????????????
1892??,??????????????????????«??????»,??????,??????,?????????????????,???,????
1894????????????6?????????????????????????????????????23????,???????????????,?????????????????????????,?,????????????????????“??+???????????+??????”?????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????????????????
1900?????????,?????????????;1924?????????????????????;?2024??????,?????????,????????????????????“??”?
??,????????????23??????????????????????????????,????????????????????????,?????????????????????,????????????,?????
???????????????????
?????????????“??????”,????,?,????,????“«????????»????????”????“?????????”,????????????????????????
?????,????????,?????????????????????????????29??????24?????????,????,?????????????????????????????????????
?????????,?????2008??1??1??????????????,?«??»???????;?«?????????»??????????????«????????????????»;??“???????????????”;????????????,“«?»?????????”??????????????“«?»??????????”???????
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/23/05caa016ccdd4c13a61bb06681587fa4.jpg)
??,“«?????»??????????????”?????????????????,???«??????????»????????????????????????,?????132????????????206?,??????????23???????43???,????????,??????????????,???????????????????????
2024????6??????????????23????,???,?«???????????????????»(???????????????????????)????,????,??????????????????????????
2024??,???????????132???????????????????23??????????43?????????????????????????????????,??????,???????“?????????????????”?????????????????????,?,????????,????????????(??)
??????????:
![](http://i2.chinanews.com.cn/simg/cmshd/2024/07/23/6acdf16f2fd0497eb24b3579519e008b.jpg)
???????????????????,?,«?????????»??????????????????????????,2004??,????“???????????”??,???????????????????“«?????????????»??????????”(???????????)?«????»?
????:??