????:1???????:?????

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5?????????

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??????????????????????“????”???????????,??????????????????“???????????????????????????”,???????“???”?????????????????

?????????????????1968??,????????????????????????????????,???????????,?????????????

???????????“????”,??????????????????,?67?????????????2007???????????(Leonid Hurwicz),?????,???????????????????????????90?????????????2019????????(Esther Duflo),?????????????46?????

?,????????????????????????,?????????????????2009?(Elinor Ostrom)?

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????????????“???????????”?

??1969??????2024??,????56??????,???????????????????????90??????????????,?????????

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1994????????????????“??????”??????????????????????????????«???»???????????????????2015?,???????

2002??????,???“?????,????”???

????:2018??????????????????????????????

2018??????????????,?????????????????(William D. Nordhaus)??????????(Paul M. Romer),??:“??????????”?“??????????????”?

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2019??????????,???????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????,?????????,?????????????,??????

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