?? ???????????????????
![](https://image.chezhanri.com/2019/0807/20190807110448452.jpg)
????:1?????:??????????
2?????????
3?????????????
4????
5??????????
?????????????
???? ?
?????????
?????????????
????????????????,?????
????,????
(????)??????
(???????????????????????)??????????
(?????)??
????????????,????????
????????????????????????????????????,????
????????????????????????????????,??
??????????????????????
(?)????
(??)????
??????
????
?????????(National Endowment for Democracy,??????NED)???????????????????????????????,???????????,?????????????,?????????????,??????,????????????????,?,????????,?????????,??,?????
????,NED??????,????,?????????????????????????????,???????,????????????????NED,?,????????????NED???????????,????NED???????????????????,????????????,???
??????????????????????????????????
NED???????????????????????,?????????,?????????????????
(????????????)NED????????????????????????,??????????????,?????????????????20??????60??,??,?????????????????????????????????????,NED??,???????
(?????????????????????????????)NED????????1981?,??????,???????????????????????????,?????????????????????????,??????????????1983????????????????????NED??,????:?,????????
(??????????)NED?????????1983??11???????22????,??????«??????????»,??????????NED????,???????????1983??????????????NED?????????????,?1800?????40?,?????????????????????????(USASpending)????,2023?????????3.15??????,NED????????
(??????)NED????????????????????????????NED???,NED???????????,???????????????????????????????«??»?,??NED??????,????????????????????????????
(????????)NED???,????????????«????»,NED??12????????31?????????????????????????????NED??????,?????????????
(?????)??NED?????????????????????????????????«????»,NED???????????????????????
(???????????????)NED?????????????????????1995???:?,?,????????,NED??????«????????:?»??,??????????????????????????NED???????,???
??????,??
(??)???????????????????2022???9???,?????????????????????????,????????????????,?????2015?????????????????????2022???????????NED?62.8????????????«?????»????????????,NED?????????????????????????,NED????????????????????(Center for Human Rights in Iran, CHRI)???????????????????(Human Rights Activists News Agency, HRANA)????,?????,??????NED?«?»?????????,??????????????????NED?????????????,??????????????????????
(????????)?????????????????????????????????,NED???,??????????????????,????NED????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????,????????,????
(??????)????????????2004??????????????????????????????????????,NED??????6500???????2007??????2015?,NED?3000???,?????????????????????????2013???2014??????????????????????????????,NED?????????????????,??NED????,?????X(???????)???,???,???????
(?????)??2002??????7?????????,NED??????,NED???,?,?????,?????2021??7??????,????????,NED?,????????????(????)????,????????
???????????,????
(????????????????????)??
1?????????2021???,NED?????????????????????,?????,?????????
2?2021?5????,NED???????????,?NED??????,??????????,?????????
3?NED????,??????????,????????????;?????????????????????,??????
4?NED????,????????(Mexicans Against Corruption and Impunity, MCCI)?????(Mexican Institute for Competitiveness, IMCO)?????????,??????????????2021?????????,????????NED????,???
5?2017???,NED??????54??????2018????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????4.8??????????????????
6?NED??,????,?????
(?????)??????
1?NED????????????????«??»(Journal of Democracy)??????????,??????????????????????????????????
2?2023????????7???,«?????»?????????????????????????????????????,????????????????5??,????,????2024??4???????????????????????????,«??»??????????«?????????????»???????,???????????,???,??????????????
3?NED?(????????????????????)?????,???????????????????????????????NED?,2021??????NED??????????11?,?????180???????????????????????????????????????,??,?????
(??????)??????????
1?2022?4??2023?????????12??????????????,???????????NED?????,??????????????????2023?5????????,??????2????????,NED???????????,????????????
2?NED????(Rappler)??NED????,2017????2021????????,????NED??78.6???????????2022??????,????,??????????????????????
3?NED????????????????(Foundation for Democracy in Iran,FDI)?????????,FDI???????????????????????
4?2023?????1????,NED????,???????????
?????????????,??
NED????????????????????????????,NED?????????,??????????????
(?????)???????????????????2022??????????,NED????????????,???,?????????????????,???????,?????????????????????????,???????????2023?7??,NED??????????????????????20????????????,??????????????
(????)???NED????,????????????????,2020?????????????????,??31??????,????????????2023????,NED????????????????????????????????????????2023??
(?)NED????????????????,?500??????????????????600?????????2024?3?????,NED???,????????????????????,??????
NED??????????????????,?,??????????????NED?????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????
(??)2023??3???,NED??????NED??????,?????????????,???????2023??11?NED???????????????????????2024??4?,NED?????????????????????????????????????????NED???
(?)21?,NED?????????3????????,????????????????????????????2024???????5?????????????????,NED???????????????????,???
????????????,??
(???????)NED???????????????????????«???»?,??????2023?11???????????30?,NED?????????????????,?????????????????????
(?????????????????????????????????????????????)NED??????????????CNN?????????????,?????????????????
(??)NED??(International Republican Institute, IRI)?????????????????????,??
(??????????)NED?1741?????????????????????92?????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????,?????????????????????
(?????????)NED????????VOA??BBC???,???????NED?????????,??????????
??????????????,??
(????)NED??(Governance Center for Public Policy, GCPP),?????6?????????????????,???????,????????????????????,???????
(??????)2024????????3??????????,NED?????????????????????(Center for International Private Enterprise, CIPE)???????(Makati Business Club)????«?»,????,??
(??????????????????????????)NED?(European Values Center for Security Policy, EVC)???????(Global Security Center,GSC)????,??????????????????????,?????????????????
(???)????,NED????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????
(?)2022?1??????2023?1????,NED?????????????????????daktilo84.com?,????,????????????????
(??????????????????????)NED?????????????????2023???????????12???????,NED??????????Sbunker??,??????????????????,???????????????????????????????????
(??)NED???????????????,??????V,???????????????????,???????,??
(?????????)NED????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????
(??)????????????????????????????
1??????,NED?????????,????????NED???????????,??????????????
2??????????80??NED????,?,?,?????????
3?2006????1?29??,«??????????»?«???»?,??
4?2021???????9?,??«?????????»??????????????????????NED????,???????????????????????,NED?????????????????,?????NED????,??????????
(???)????
1?2015????????7?????????????29??,?????,?NED?????????????????,????,??????????????????????????????NED??????
2??????????2022????????????5?,??????????????«???????????»????,NED???,?????????????????????,??????????
3??????2008????«???????????????60??????»????????,??????NED???????????,?????NED??????????????????,?????????,??
4??????????????????2010?????????«NED:???»,??ED?,??????
5?????«??????»2018???NED????????(Hungary Helsinki Committee)????????,????????????,???????
6?2023????4?????????????????,NED???,?????????????????????????«????????»?????,?????NED???????????????
7??(The Institute of World Economy and International Relations, IMEMO)?«???40?:??»?????????????,???NED,??????????????????,??,?????NED??
8?2023????????6??,??????????????????,???????????????????
9?2016?,??????????????«???»????????????????,??NED????????????????????????????????????????????
?
??????????????????????????,?NED,????????????,???????????????,?????????,????????????,?,??????????????????????
????????,????????????????????,????????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????,??
?????????
1.?????????????«????:????????»,??????2006??
2.??????????????????????????????????????????«??»,???,2023??????12??
3.?????«??????NED????»,2021????????5?????17????????
4.??????????«NED????????»,????,2018???????????????7???????????????6???????
5.?????????? ????????????????:??????????????