????:1???????:2023???????????

2???????

3???????

4???????

5????????????

????11???????????1????????? (???? ??)????????????,??????????,?????

??????,??(GDP)??4.8%?????????????????,???,?????GDP????0.9%,?,??

?????????????“???????????”???????????????,9??????????????????????????????10??(PMI)??5?????????????????????,???????????

????????,?????GDP????2.8%,???????????????,????70%????3.7%,????0.9????????????????5.1%,???

????????????????,???????,??????????,??????????,??????????????????????????,?????????

????????????,??GDP?????0.4%,???????GDP??0.3%;???0.9%????????,???????????????????????,???GDP?????????????0.2%,??????????????GDP????0.4%?????????????????0.8%?

??,?????????????,???????GDP????????????7.4%,??????????????????????GDP?5.3%,??????????????GDP????????????????4.1%,?2.9%?

????,??????GDP??0.1%,???????????????,????,?????????2.2%??????????2.3%?

?,????????????,????????????????????,?????????

???????,??,???????

????????????,??,???????????????(IMF)????????,?,??????7%,????GDP???????

??????????,???????????????2023???????10????????????,2024??????????????????????2.7%,??????????

????,?????????????????“???????????????????”“?”??????“????”???,??????????????,2000??????????????2023?????????,“???????????”????????“??”???25.1%????42.1%,????“??????”????32.1%???????????48.8%?“?????????”???????????????(?????????????) ?????:???????????????????????