????75?????(?????????)

????:95???????:?????

????????????75?????75?,??????,???????????????,?????,??,????????????????????,??????

??????????????????????????????,??????,????????????????????????,2023????????????223?????GDP??????????????????????????????89??????????????43.6???????……?75????????,“?????????????”??????????75???????????,?????????“?????”??????????,???????????,??????????????????

?????????? ?

????7.9%

???????????

????,????????,??????????????????,?,???????????????????1952???679???,?????????1978???????????3679????????????;????????????,?,1986????1??????,2000????????????10???,2006??20???,??12?10?,2020?100????????,2023??????????126???,??????,2023??1952??223?????????,????7.9%;????????,19792023?????8.9%,?????????3.0%????????????????????

??GDP??8.9?

??????????

1952?,??????GDP????????119??????,????????,??????????GDP?????????????2019??,???????GDP?70078????,????????10158?????????????,?1????????????????????;2023?????????89358?,????????????1952??????????89????????,????????6.5%,???????????????????12681?,??????????3?1.2???????????,2023?????????(GNI)?1.34??,????

??????????????

?????

??????,??????????,????1952???????,??????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%???????????????,?????????????,??????????

??????????????????????????????,??,??,???,??????????????2023???,?????????????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%???????????,???9??1.3????????,??????????????,??,????????????????????????????????????????,???????????,??????“???+”??

“??”??????????22.4????????

????????????

?,??????????????,???,????????,????

20132023????????????,??????????????????8.7%?10.3%,???,??????????????????????????????5G???????????,“????????”??????,???????????

??2023???????????,?????421????;????????????,???????

??????????????????,????????????,“?”??2023??????????,???????????????“??????????????”???????22.4?,????????GDP???17.73%?

???????

???

1949?2.2??????????,??8.1??,????????????????????75?????????????,?,????????????,??????,??????????????????????

2023???,?????15.9?????,??1949???????????6?????,????4.5???,??2/3??;?544??????????????????,??66?????????,???????????????18.4????,????????????;?????????????12.8???,???74.1%;?????876???????????????????,2023??1.7??,???????????2016????10??????????,???????????????????????,??????????????????????????????

????????????????????????3.92?????????

??????????

1949??49.7???????????1978??????????,?????????171????????,?151???,?????????,????????????????,?,?????????,??????????2023????????????,?????????????39218??,?????1949??76????,?????????6.0%;????????????26796?,???????????????????????1956????36?????????,??????????5.5%?

??,???????????????,???2023??,?????29.8%,????1978??????34.1??;????????????45.2%,??????????????2013????5.5????????????,??????,????????????2023?????,????49.7???,????145.9???,??2013???2.9????2.1????????

????????

???????????????

????????????,????????????????????,???

??,??????????????????????,?????????,?,????,???????????????,???

2023?????????,?10.66?,???1989????10.09??;??????????????2.44???????????????3.02????,??1994??????????1.64?????2.84??????????????????????,?????,????????,??

9899??????????

????????

???????????????????,??????????????????????????????20?????????5070?????????????,????????????,??????????????????,?“??????????????”?,???????????????,??

??,??,????8????,?????2020?9899????,832?,12.8?,??????????????????????????,????????????????????,??????10?«?????????2030?????»?????????,???????????,???????????

??60%

???????????

??????????????????,???????,????,??????????

2023??,??????????????????????????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;????1.6????????4542??,??????????1949???????6.4???103?,????????(OECD)??

????,??????????,??????????????2023?????????????,?????60%,??;??????1982???8?????????????11.05??????,??????

???????

?????

1950??,?11.3???????,???1978???206?????????????????????,?,2001???,????????????,???

?,??,??????????????,???????????1978????????????1%?????????2023????12.4%,???7?????“????”??,???150????????????30?230?“?????????”??,????25?????????200?????,?????????????????“??????????”?

??????

?????????

?????????????,??????,????????????????????????????????,?????????????,????????1999??,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????2012????????????,??????????,???4.9,????????1952????8.1?

????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????20132023???????,????????????????6.9%?7.1%,?????????2023??????????,?????????????????????46.7%?24.4%,?2012??2.9???????????0.9???

?46.3????????????

?

??????????????????????????????,?,????1956?“?????????????”?????????,???????????????,???????????????????????,???????????????,???

??,?,????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???“??????”,????????????,????11?????????,?,?????????????2023??,????????,??????46.3?????

??????????????66%

?????

??????????????,??????????1949?????????????????????10.64%,1978????????????17.92%?????,?????????????????????????????????,??2023??????????,??????????9.3???,?1978??7.6??????;???????????66.16%,?48.24??????????

????????????,?,?,?????????????2023?,?????????????????????48.3%,???2015???????????????????8.4??????????,????,??????????,????????????????2012??????????2.88:1??????????2023?????2.39:1?2023?????,?12.4:1,???????????2013??????????1.4?2023????????460???????????????????,??99%???,?????????14.4?????????

??????????3246???????????????6833?????

??

1949???????????????????????,???????????,?,???????,????????????????????2023??????????????,????3246??????????????????????6833?????,???????1949???????59???????????325?;????119??(??????????????)?

?????????,?,??,??????????????,?????????2022????,????????4.46%,????2013??????????0.77??;????????2012?888??????????????????2023??????????????1622?????????????

???????????78.6??

???????

??????????,??????,???75???,???,??,???????????????2023??????????????,????107?????,?1017??????????????????????????,???????????1249??

??????????????????????,????,??????????,?????????????????2023??,???????????????????13.34????????????,???????????2018??95%???????????2023???????,??????????78.6????????????????,?????????1949?????????43.6?,????

?????24.02%

?????????????

20????????50??????,?,???????????,??,?????????????????“??”??2022???????????,???????????????9014????????????,???20??????????????????80?25?????????????????????????????30?;??18%,?????????

??????????,“?????”??????????24.02%?2023?????????????,????(PM2.5)?2016?????????28.6%,???????????????????????21.6?????????????????????,???????????????????,????“????????”?????“?????????????”,???(?) ???????:???