?????75????(?????????)

????:???????:??????????

????????75??????????????????75??????????,????????????,?????????????????????????,?????,???????????,?????????????????,???

??????????????,??????????,??????????????????????,2023??????????????223??????GDP??????????89??????43.6????????????????……?????????75?????????????,“?????”???75???????????????????,??“????????”??,????????,???????????????????????????

? ??

?7.9%

???????

?,????,????????????,?????????????,???????1952??????????????679?????????????????,?????????1978?3679???????????????;???????,???,1986??????????????1?,2000??10????????????,2006??20?,????????12????10???????,2020????????????100???,2023??126????,????????????,2023???????1952????????????223??,?????????7.9%;??,19792023?8.9%,?????3.0%?????

???????????GDP??????????????8.9??????????

??????????????????

1952???????????,?GDP??119?????????????,??????????????????????????,?GDP???????????2019??????,??GDP??70078???????????????????,??????????????????10158???,??1?;2023?89358?????????????,??????????1952??????????89?,?????6.5%,?????????12681?,????????????3????????????????????????1.2??????????????,2023???????(GNI)????????1.34????????,????????????????????????

????????

??

??,????????,??????1952????????????????,?????????????????????????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%?????????????????,?????????????,???????

???????,??,?,??????????,???2023?????????????,????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%??,???????????????????????9????????????1.3??????????????????????????????,????,??????,????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????,?“????+”???

“???????????”??????????22.4??

?????

??????????????????,??,????,????????,?????

20132023???????????????????,???????????8.7%?10.3%,???,??????????????5G????????????,“?????????????????????????????”???,??????????????????

??????????????????2023???????????,?????????421??????????????????????;??????????,?????????????????????????????

???????????????????????,????????????????????????,“????????”??????????????2023??????????,???????????“???”?22.4?????????,???????????????????GDP?????????17.73%?

??

????????????????

1949?2.2????,??????????8.1??,????????????75????,????????????,??????,????????????????????,??????????????????

2023?,??15.9????,????????1949????????6???????????????????,????????4.5??,???2/3???????????????????????;??544????,???66????????????,???????????18.4???????,?????????????????????;?12.8???,?74.1%;?????876???????????,2023????????????????1.7??????,????????????????????2016??????????10??,??????????,??????????????????????????????

??????????3.92?

?????

1949??????????49.7?????????1978??????????????????????????,?????171?????????????????????,??????????151????????,??????,??,????,?,???2023???????,?39218?????????????,???????????????????1949??76??,??6.0%;????????26796????????,????1956?36???????????,?????????5.5%?

??????????,??????,???????2023?????,????29.8%,???1978???34.1??;????????45.2%,?????2013??????5.5??????,???????????,???????????????2023???????,???49.7?????????????,????????????????145.9??????????,?????????2013??????????2.9???2.1?????

???

?????????????

????????????,??????????,????

?,??????????????????????,???????????????,??,??,???????????,???

2023???????,???10.66???,???1989?10.09???;??????????????????????????????2.44??3.02????????????????,?????????1994?1.64???????????????????2.84?????????????????????????????????????????,??????????,??,?????????????

9899??????????

?

??,?????????????????????????????20????5070?????????????,???????,??????????????????????,?????????????“???”?,?????????????????????????,?????

?,?????????,??????????????????????8????,????2020???????????9899?,832?????????,12.8???,??????????,????????????????????????,?10?????????????«?2030?»???????,????,???????

????60%

???

???,?????????????????,????????,??????????

2023?????????,????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;???????????????1.6??????????????4542???????????????????????,???????1949??????????6.4?????103????????,?(OECD)????

?????????,???,?????????????2023????,????60%,??????????;??????1982???8??????????????11.05?????????????????????,???????

??????

?

1950?????????,??11.3???,??????????????1978??????????206????????????,???,2001??????,?,??????

??????????????????????????,??????????????,??????????????,????????????????????1978??1%???2023????12.4%,?????????7?????“?”??,???????????150???30?230??????????“?”???????????,????????????25????????200????????,???????????“???”?

????????

??????

?????????,?,????????????,????????????????,??1999?????????,????????????????????????????2012????????????,?,????????????4.9,????????1952??8.1?

???????,????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????20132023????????????????????,??????????????????6.9%?7.1%,?????????????2023???????????,?????????????????46.7%?24.4%,???2012?2.9???0.9???????????

?46.3??

????????????

???????????,????,??1956?????“?????”???????????????,??????????????????????????????????????,??????,????,?????????????

?????????,?,????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????“???”,?????????????????????,?11?????????,???????,???????????2023?,????????????,?46.3??????

?66%

????

???????????????????????????,????1949??????10.64%,1978????17.92%????????????????????,??????????????????????????,??????2023?????,??????????????9.3??????????,?1978????7.6?;?66.16%,??48.24????????

????????????,??,??????????,???????????2023??,??48.3%,?????2015??8.4??????,??,?????????,??????????????????????2012?2.88:1?2023???????????2.39:1?2023??????????????????????????????,??12.4:1,??2013???1.4?2023??460????,??99%???????,??14.4??

???3246???????????????6833????????

????

1949???,????,????,?????????????????,??????2023?,??????3246????????????????????6833???,??????????1949????59?????325??????;?????????119??????????????(??????????)?

????????????,?????,????,?,???????2022??????????????????????,?????????????4.46%,??????????2013?????0.77?;?2012?888????2023???1622?????????????

????78.6?????

?

?,???,????????75????,?????????,???,?????2023?,??107???,???????????????1017??????????????,?1249??????????

??????????,?????????????????,??,??2023??????????,???????????13.34??,????2018????????95%????2023???????,?????????????78.6?,????????1949?????43.6???,??????

?24.02%

????????

20???????50??????????,?,?????????????,?????,????“????????????”???2022??????????,?9014???,??20?80?25??30??;????????????????18%,?????????????

???????,“???????”??????24.02%?2023????,??(PM2.5)?????2016?28.6%,??????????????????21.6??????????,???????????????????????????,???????????“????????????????”?“??????”,????(?????) ?????:????