�?????????�????

????:????????????:?????????

??????�???????????????�?????�????�

????

??,???,???????????????????????????????75?????,??????4????????????????????????,????????

1932????1959?????1984???2024????????????,4????????,???????

?,??????????????????,????????????????,??????????????�????�??????�??????�?????

????????????,????????????,?????????????????????????!???????,????????????????????�??????????????�???,??????�???,????�?????????,????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????,?????????????,?????:�???��???????????????�

???????!??????????,??,?????

?????????????????????????,?????,??????1959????,?????,?????????????,????????????????????,?????,??????????

???????,?????????????????,??????,????�??�???????????????????????????��??????,???????�???????????,?�,????????

????????????1978????,????????????????,????????????1984?,????,??????????????,????????,???????�?????????�??,????353??,???????15?????

???????????????????????,?????????�??????????�,?????????????,??????????????,????????????????,???????????????????80???????????????�?????????�,�????????????,???????�????�?????????????�???????,???????????????,????,?????????!

??????

???????????,�??????�?????,?????2024???,??,??????????,???????????????????????,???,??????????��????????????,??�???�????,?,?,?????????????????,??????????,?????????????:�????????????��??????�?

???,?????????????????????4???,??????????,?????????:�?????????????,??????????�

??????�????�?

�???????????????????????????????????�1908?????????,�???????????,??,???,??????�???????????????,????????:

???????????????1932????????????????�????�????????�???????�,????????,????405???????????;

????1984???,???????,????300???????;

???2008?????????????�?????????????????�,2022????????,??????????,?????????????????????????�????????????????????????�??????????,?:�???�

??????????????????,??????�??��????????????,????�,???,?????????�???????�???????�????�????????,�???????????????�???????????????????????,???????????????????????????????,????�???,??????????????70?????80??90???????????00????,?????,??????�?????????????,??????????????

?????????????,???????????,?????????????,??????????

??????,??????????????�??????????????�???????????,?????????

1917????,�???�???????????�??�????????????,????????????�?????????????�?????????�????????????,????????�,??????????

?????,????????????????????????,???�?????????????,?????,???????????�?,?????????????

?????????,??????????????????,?????,??�??3?�????????????????????,�?�?��?????2017?????????,????1949????35??????,?????????2017???????76.7?????????????????78.6?????,????

????????????,???????????????????????????,????????�?????????,????�????????????75????,??????????????????????????????

????????????,????(???????????? ? ???? ?????????) ??:??????