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?????????????10??2? (? ???????)??????2??????«2023??????»?????,2023??????(R&D)??????????3.3??(????,?),???33357.1?????,???????????????8.4%,??“??”???????“????7%??”????

?????R&D??2012???1?,2019?2??,2022????????3?????,??R&D?????????,????

?????,2023????R&D???(R&D?GDP???)??2.65%,??0.09?????????,??“???”??0.02?,????????????????R&D??????12?,????????(OECD)????(2.73%)?

?????????????????R&D?????2023??,??R&D??25922.2????3856.3??????2753.3??????,??8.6%?1.1%???14.1%???,????R&D???77.7%,???2022????????0.1???????,?????(79.0%)??????????????(79.4%),???(67.4%)??????(65.8%)???????

?????????????????R&D???,2023??????????2259.1????3661.5??27436.5???????,?????????11.6%?5.1%?????8.5%???????,???????R&D?????6.77%,???(???) ????????:??