????:1???????:??100????

2?????90?????2023

3?????????

4??????

5???????????

???10?2????????????? (?????? ????????)??????????2??«2023??»???,2023?????????(R&D)?3.3???(?,?????????????),?????????????????33357.1?????,?8.4%,??“???”???????????????“???7%??”????????

???R&D????????2012??1????,2019??2???????,2022??3?????????????,??R&D??,????????

??????,2023??????????R&D????(R&D???GDP??)???2.65%,???????0.09??,???????“??”??????????????0.02??,?????R&D?????12??????,??(OECD)???(2.73%)?

?????????R&D??????????2023?????,???R&D???25922.2??3856.3?????2753.3??,??????8.6%?1.1%???14.1%???,??R&D???????77.7%,???2022?????????0.1??,?????(79.0%)?????(79.4%),???(67.4%)????(65.8%)?????

?????R&D????????,2023??????2259.1??3661.5????27436.5?????,??11.6%?5.1%??8.5%???????,?????R&D??????6.77%,???????(????) ????:??