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??1968????????,???????????????????????????,??????????????????,????

????“??????????????”,?????,?67??2007?(Leonid Hurwicz),????????????,????90?????????????????????????2019????????????????(Esther Duflo),??46???????????

???????,???????????,?????????2009??????????(Elinor Ostrom)?

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“??????????,?????????,?????????????”????

1994??????????“????”????????????«??????????????»????????????????????????2015?,??????????????????

2002????,??“?????,???????????????”??

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2018??,???????????????????(William D. Nordhaus)????????????(Paul M. Romer),????:“???????????”?“???????????????????????”?

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