?????75?????(????????)

????:?????????:??????

?????????????????????75??????75???????,?????????????,????????????????????????,?????,?,?????????????,??????????

?????????????,??????????????,??????,2023??????????223??????????????GDP??????????89??????43.6????????????????????????????????????????……?????????????????75?,“?????????”?75??????????????,??????????“?????????”???????,???????????????????,???????????????????????????

?? ??????

?7.9%

???????????????

?????????,???????????????????,??????????????,??,???????????????1952??679?,?????????????1978???????????3679?;???,????????,1986??1???????????????,2000????????????????10???,2006???20??????????????,????????????12?10??,2020??????????100???,2023????126?,????????????????,2023????????????1952??223???????,????7.9%;??????,19792023????8.9%,??????????3.0%?????

????????GDP???????8.9???????

?

1952?,?????????????GDP??????????119??????,???????,????????GDP?????????????????2019?????,?????GDP???????70078????,????10158????????,???1????;2023??????89358??????,?????????????1952??????89????????????,????6.5%,????12681?,??????3?1.2????????????????????????????????,2023????(GNI)????????1.34???????????????????,??????????????

??

???????????

??,????,?????????1952??,?????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%?????????????,??????,???

???????,?????,??????????,?????????????,??2023???????????,???????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%?????,????????9?????1.3??????????????????????????,???????????????,????,??????????????????????????????,????????????,??“?????????+”???????????????

“???”?22.4??

??

?,???,????????,?????,????????????

20132023?,???????????????????8.7%?10.3%,??,?????????????????????????????????5G??????????,“?”???,??????????????????

??2023????,???????????421?????????;?,???????????????????

?????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????,“????????”????????????????????2023???????????,???“????????????”?????????22.4????????????,?????GDP?17.73%?

?????????

??????????

1949??????2.2?,???8.1???????????????,??????????????75???,??????????,??,?????????????????????????,???????????????

2023??????????????,?15.9?????,??????????????1949????????????6??,??4.5?????????,?????????2/3??;??????????544?????????????????????????????,????????????66????,?????????18.4???????????????????????,?;?12.8???????????,???????74.1%;??????????876???????,2023???????????1.7??,?????2016??10???????????????????????,??????,??????????????????????????????

???????????3.92????????

??????

1949?49.7????????????1978?,??171?????????,?151??,?????????????????,?????????,??,?,??????2023?????,??????????39218????,?????1949??????????????????????????76??,?????????6.0%;??26796?,??????????1956?36?,???????????????5.5%?

??,????????????????????????????,??????2023????,?29.8%,???????1978???????34.1??;???45.2%,?????????????2013????5.5??????????,??????,??2023???????????????????,??????????49.7??????????,????145.9??????????????,????????????2013??2.9???????????????????????????????2.1?????

????????

?

??????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,??

???,????????????????????????????,????????????????,?????,???????????,????????,????????????

2023???????,???10.66???????,???1989????????10.09???;?????????????????????????2.44????????3.02??,??1994????1.64?????2.84?????????????,????,???????????,???????????

9899???

????

???,????????????????20??????????????5070????????????????,?,?????????,??????????????“??”???,???????????????,????????????

??????????,??,???????????8??????????????????????,??2020??????9899?,832?,12.8??????????,?,??????????????,??10??????«????????2030????????????»???,????????,?????????????

??????????????????60%

??????????????

??????????,????????????????????????????????,??,?????

2023?????????????,?????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;??????????1.6??????????4542??????????,?????????1949????????6.4??????????????103????,??????????????????????????????(OECD)???????????

??????????,??,??2023???,???60%,?;???????????????????????????1982???8??????????11.05??,??????????

??

???????????

1950?,????11.3??,??????1978?????206????????,??????,2001??????????????????,?????????,???????????

????????,?,???????,?????1978??1%????????2023?12.4%,?7?????????????????????“???????????????????”????????,???150???????30?230??????“????”??,??25????200??????????,???“?????????”?

??

?????????

?,????????????,??????????????????,???????????????????,????1999?,?????????????????????????????????2012??????????????,?,??????????????????4.9,????1952?????????8.1?

??????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????20132023???,????????????????6.9%?7.1%,???????2023??,??????????????????46.7%?24.4%,??????????????????????????2012??2.9?????0.9??

???46.3??

?

???,?????,????1956?????????“????????”??,????????????,?????????,?,??

??????????????????,?????,?????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,????????“????”,?????????????,????11????????????,????????????,??????2023??????,?????????????,??????46.3????

??????????????????????????????66%

?

????????????,?????????????1949?10.64%,1978???????????????????17.92%?????????,????????????????,??????????2023????,??9.3?????????????????,?????????1978???7.6?;??66.16%,??????????48.24?????????

?,???,????,???2023???,???????????????????????48.3%,?2015???????????8.4??????????????,??,?,???????????????2012?2.88:1?2023??????2.39:1?2023?????????,??12.4:1,????????2013?1.4?2023?????????460???????,????????????99%?????,??14.4????????????

?????????????????3246??????????????6833??

????????

1949????,?????,????????,??,??????2023??,??3246????????????6833??????,??????????1949???????59???325??????????;????119????????????(???????)?

?,?,??????????,???????,?????????????2022?????????,?4.46%,????????2013???????0.77?;?????2012??888????????????????2023????????????1622???

??????????78.6?????????

??

??????????,???????,????75????????,??,???????????????,???2023???????,????????????107?,?1017??????????,??????1249????

?????????,?????,???????,?????2023???????????,????????????????????13.34?,???????????????????????2018???95%?????2023??,???78.6?????,????????1949???43.6?????????,???????????

????????24.02%

??????????

20?50????????,????,?????????????????????????????????,????????????????,????“?????????????????”???2022????????,???9014??,????20????80???????????25?????????30???????;?????????18%,??????

??????????,“??????????????????”??????????????????????24.02%?2023??????????,??????(PM2.5)?????2016??????????28.6%,?????????????????21.6????????,????????,????????????“??????????”??“????????”,????????????(??????????) ???????????:????