?????75????(?????????)

????:??????????:???????????

??????????????????75??75??????,????????,?????????????????????????????,????????,??,?????????,????????????

????????,??,?????????????????????????,2023???????223??????????????????????GDP??89????????43.6????????????????????????……?75??,“????”?????????????75??????????,??????????“???”????????,??????????????????????,????????????????

??????????? ??

?7.9%

????????????

????????????,??????,???????,???,???????????1952??679???????,???1978?????????????3679??????;???,???????,1986??????????1???????,2000???10??,2006????????????20?,????12?10??,2020?100??,2023???????126????,????????????????????????????,2023???????????????1952????223???????????????????,????7.9%;?????,19792023????8.9%,???3.0%???????????

?????????GDP?8.9???????

?????????

1952??????????????????????????????,??GDP?119?????????,?,??GDP???????????????2019??????????,????????GDP??????????70078???????????????????????,???10158?,??????????1??????;2023??????????89358??????????,?1952??????89????????????,?????????6.5%,??12681????????,????????3?1.2???????????????????????,2023??(GNI)??1.34??,??

??????

?????????

????????,?????,??????????????1952?,??????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%?????????????????,?????????????????????,????????????????????

??,??,????????,???????????????????,??????????2023??????,?????????????????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%???????????????????,??????9???????1.3???????,????????????,????????????,???????????????????,????????????,?“?????????????+”???????????

“????????”????????????22.4??

?

???,???????????????,?????????,???????????,???????????????????

20132023???????????,?????????????????8.7%?10.3%,???????????,????????????????????????5G???,“???????”?????????,?????????

????2023???????????,???????421????????????????;???,??????????????????????

??????????????????????????????,???????????????,“????????????”??????????????2023???,??????????“?????????”???????????22.4????????????????,?????????GDP????????????17.73%?

??

?

1949?????????2.2?????,????????????8.1??,?????????75?,?????,?,?????????,??????????

2023??????????,???????????????????15.9???????????,??????????????????????????1949???6?,?4.5??????????????????????,??????????????2/3???????????????????;????544??,????66??????????????,?????18.4?,??????????????;???12.8???????????????????,??74.1%;?????????876????,2023????1.7?,?2016??10????????,?????????????,???????????????????????????

????????3.92???

?

1949????????49.7???????????????1978???,??171?,???151????????????????????,????,??,?,??????????,???2023?,??????????????39218??????????,?????????????????1949????????76???????,?????????6.0%;???????26796?????????????????,??????1956???36????????,??5.5%?

??,??????????,????2023??,??????????29.8%,?1978???34.1??????????????;???????45.2%,??????????2013?5.5??????????,?????,?????????????2023????,???????????????????????49.7??????????,???????145.9?,?????????2013????2.9???2.1???????????

??

?????????????

???????????,???????????,??

???,?????????????????????????????????,???????,??,????????????,?????????,?????

2023????,?10.66????,???????????????????????1989?10.09????????;?????????????????2.44?????????????3.02?????,?1994??????1.64????2.84????????????????,????????,?????????,?????

9899????????

??

???,?????????????????????????20???????????5070??,????????????????,??????????????????????,????“?”?????,??????????????,???????????????

????????,??,???????????????????????????????????8?????,???????2020?9899??????????,832????,12.8?,??,????????????,?10??????????«???2030?????»???,??,???????

???60%

??????????????

????,????????????????????,??????????,??

2023??????????,???????????????????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;??????????????????????????1.6?????4542??????????????,??????????1949?6.4?????????????103????????,????????????????(OECD)???????????

?????????????,??????????,???????????2023?,???60%,????;???????1982?8??????11.05??,????????????????

??????????????????????????????

???????????

1950??????????,????????????11.3??????????,???1978?206?????,??,2001???????,?????,???

??????,?,????????????,???????????????????????????1978???1%??????????2023???????????12.4%,??7??????????????????“????”?,?????????150??30???????230???????????“?????????????”???,?25????????200???,??????????“?????”?

??????????

?

?????????????,??,??????????,???????????????????????,????????1999?,???????????????????????????????????????2012????,?,???????????????????????????4.9,????????????1952????8.1?

??,???????????????????????,?????20132023???????????,????????????????????????6.9%?7.1%,???2023???????????????,???46.7%?24.4%,???2012??????????2.9???0.9???????

???????46.3????????????????????

????

?????????????,????,???1956?“??”????????????,?????????????????????,??????????,??,??????

?????????,?????,??,?????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????“?????????”,????,????????????11?????,??,??????????????????????2023????,?,????46.3?????????????

?????66%

?????

?????????,????1949???10.64%,1978???????????????17.92%?????,???????????????????????,??????????????2023??,??9.3?????????,??????????????????????????1978??????7.6???????;?66.16%,????48.24????

?,???,?,????????????????????2023???,?????48.3%,??2015??????????????8.4???????????????????,??????????????????????????,??,??????????????2012??2.88:1???????2023?????2.39:1?2023???????????,???????????12.4:1,????????????2013?????????1.4?2023????????460?,????99%??,???14.4???????

??????????3246????????6833??????????

????????

1949?????????,?????????,?????,??????,??2023?,????????3246?????????????????????????????6833????,?????????1949????59?????325????????;?????????????????119??????????(?)?

??????????????,???,??????????????????,??,??????????2022?,??4.46%,?????????2013????????????????0.77????;???2012?????????????????????888?2023????????1622???

??????????78.6??

????????????

??,?,??????????????75??????????????????????????????,???????????,??,??????????2023?????,?????????????????????????????107??,???1017???,??????????1249??????????

??????,??????????????????,????????????????,?????2023????????????,????????????13.34??????????????,?????????????????????2018???????95%??2023???,??78.6?????????,???1949???????43.6??,??

?24.02%

????????????

20??50??????,????????,??????????????????,?????????????,????????“??????????????????”??2022???????,?9014?????????,?20???80??????25?????30??????????????????;???????????????18%,??????????

????,“??”????????????24.02%?2023??????,??(PM2.5)????????2016?????28.6%,???????21.6??????????????,????????????????????????????????,????“??”????“??????”,????????????(????) ???:??????