?????????????

????:????:?????????

???????????????

?

??????????? ????

?????????

????????????,???,????????????,????1939??????????????,???????????????????????1963??????????????,1985???????????,????????

2024??????????2?3?????,“???01?”?????????????520?,???????????????????????????????,???????,??????????,?????

?????“??”??????????????????,??????????????????????????????????“?2030??,‘??????????????????????????????’?????????????200????????????????????????????????????”??????????????????(????????????????????,???????),??????????????“????????????????????????????????????”???????????????,??????????????

??,??

???????,???????????????????????????40???????????,????????,??????,????????,???????“???????????????????????”???????????????????

?,??????:??????????????1982?????????????,?????????“?????????????????????”;1985????????,????????

??????????,???????????????1985???2????????????,?????????,3??????????,????????????????

???????????????(?????????,2000?????????????)???????????1955????????5???????80?????????????,??????

??????,?????«????»?????????????????«????»,????«????????»????????????

?????????,????????,????????????????????,??“???????GNSS(???)???????”,????“GNSS???????”??????????????,????????????

????????,????,?????????????

???????????,??????????????

?????????????,?????????????,????????????????,????????

“??,???”??????“????????”?????????,??,??????????

????????????,????????,???????“??”???300??????????3??????????5??,??????????????????????9000????1:5?????,????????????

2003?????,????????????????,?????????:“???????????????5?????10??????????,??????”2006???,??????«???(20062020?????????????????)»,2010??

“???????????????????,?????????????????????????”???????????????10??????,????????????????????,??,?????

??????,????,??????“??????????????,??”,???????????,????????????????,????????,??????????????

“???????”???????????????“????????????????,??????????????,?????‘??’???????????‘????’,????????????????”????????????????????????

??????????????,????????

????????????????????????,???????,?????????????????

2014????,??,????????????????????????10?????????,?????,19????????,???

“??????????????,??????,???????”????????

?????????,????????????????????“?????????????????????????????????????????????;??????????,?????????????????;???????????????,?????????????……”?????????????,??????????????

?,???????????,?????????«???????»????????????????????????1997???????????????????9????????????????????????,7?????????????????????,????????20???

??????????????????????,???“????”:“???????????????,???????????????”????,??????????????????????,????????,“??????????,???????????……”

2022????????,???????,???????????????????10?????????????????????????,???????300???????

“??????????????????,???,????????????”???,“???????????????,?,?????????????????????,??????????????,?????????????????”

?????????????

?

???????? ?????????????????

??????

????????,?,???????????1963??,??1984??????????????,1994??????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????

??????????7??????????????11??????,????,???(???????,??????????)?30??

????????????,????,???????????????????????????,??????????,????,??????????????

??????,????????????“????????,????????,?????????????????”??????????????????

“??,???????????‘???????0??1’????????????????”

“?????,????‘???0??????????????????1’?”,??????????

??,??????????,?????

????2009?????????????????????,??,????????,????????????????????,?????,??

?????????,?????????????????????

?1000????????????????,2012???,???????????????131??????????????????,???2013?,????????????«????????????»?,???????“???????????”?

?????????????????,??????,??????

2005??,??????????????????????????????8???2012??,????,?????,?????????????,??

????2017??????????,?????????????,?????????;2018?,???,?……

?????,????????????????,???“??,???????????”???????????

“????????????,????????????????????????????,?????”

??????,????????

????,?????????,?5???????,???????????,4??,???1000???????????????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????“???”,????

2012??????,??????????????,????,??????,????????????????????????????????????????,?????????,“???????????????????”?

??????????????????????,????????????????????“????????????”???????????????,??????????,???????????,????3???????,?????1000??????????????????,??,?????????,????????,????????????????????????

?????????????????,?????????????,????,????,“?”?????????????,????????????????,???????????????????3???????????????????????,?1987??????????????,???????????,?????????

???????,???????????,?????????????,?????????????????????,“???????????????,?????????????????????”??????,?????????????????

??????,?????????????????2013???????????,2020???????????????????????……???????????????????????,??????,?????????????????“???,????????????,?????”????

“?????,????”

????????????,????,????????????,?????

?????,?????????????????,?????????,????????????

???????,????,?????????????????????;???????????,????,????????“????????????????”?

????????????????????????????,????“???????????”????????????,?????????,???????????,????,???????“???????????”,????????????????

???????,?????????????????,????,?????????,???????

??????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????,????????????????????,??????,?????????????????????;???,???????????,??????,??????1???,30?????

??????,2023????????????10?,??????????,??????????????????????1953???????????????,????,?????????,?????2018????,????????????????????????????????????,?????

“??????????????,???”?????????,????????????,?,“?????,??????????”(?????????????????) ????:??????????????????