????????????,???????

????:???????:???????

10?15?,?,???,??????????????

???????,????1915?????10?15?,????????????????109???????????????,????????????????????

“?????”

?,??,???????,???,??????????????????,?????????,????????????????????????,????????,????????????????????????,?????????????

??????,?????????????,????????????“??????????”,“?????”?

2001??????????????7? ??????

??????????,???????????????,????????“?????????????????,?,?”???,???????????????????????????????????!

2005???????????1??????????????? ???????????«“???????????????”???“?”»

?,????“?????????????????????????????”,?,??????????,????,???

2014??????11???? ??

????,?,??????????????????,?,?,?????????????????????,???????,??????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????

2015??????????????????????1????????????? ???????????????

???????,???????,?“?????????,?”?

2015?????????6???????? ???

??????????????????????????,?????????????,????????????????????????????,?????????

2021??9??? ????????????????????2021??

????????????????????????????????????1950???????5??????????,????,???????1????????4700???,????????“????”?????,????????????????,?????????,?“?????????”????????????????“???????”,????,?????????????????????,??1953????7?,?1?????????,????,???,?,????????????????????:“???????,?????????????????,???????!”???????????,??

“??????????,

??????????”

??,????????,???????“????????????”?

????????????????????????????????????,????,???????????????

1949????????,???????,???????????????,??????????????????248????????,??345????,????????0.12%???????,?????,????

???????????,?????????:“????????,????????????????”

1952??????????,???????,?????????????????????????,???????????“???”,?????????400????

?412???????????,?????????????,????????????????

1955?????????,?????????,??????????????????????????????,?????????,??“??????????????????????????????????????????????????”???

? ????,?????????????

“??????????,

????????????????????????!”

?????,???????????????:“??????,????????????????!”

1958?????????????3?????12?????????????????,?????????????????,?20???????????????????,?????

????,????,?,????

??????????,??????,?????????????????,???????????????:“?????,??????????????????????????,?????????????????????”

????????,??,?????????,?,??????????

???,????,??,??????????

? ???????????

????????,??????????14?,?????20?60???????,????????????????7.3?????????????????????,????????412?????????????,??????????????96%???????????????,??????141????????????????????????“?”,?????????

?????1980???,???1981?????1???????????????????????30?????????,???????????,????????66?????

“???????????????????,

????”

?:“???????????????????,????,?????????????????,???,??????????????????????????????,?????!”

? ?????????

???????????????????????,??????????

???????????,?;??????????????,??“?????????”,????????????33?;?????,???????5????“??????”?????????????????????????????????,?????????????,???????????????,?????????

? ??????????????

??????????,?????????????????????????????????,????????,??????????

“???????,?”,????????????

1999??????????????????,?????2004????2???????????????????,????????,????“??”“???????????”?

???,??????????????,?????,??,????????????,??

?????????????!

???:??????