????:1?????????:??????????

2????????????

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5??????????????

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9???????????27???,???????????,??????,??,???????????,?,?????????

??9???????27?????????,????,?????????(??????:???)

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“????????????????????????,??????”

????1957???????????????,????????

?,?????????,?????????????????

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1981?,??????????????????????????,????????????????,??1986??

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“1984?????,????????,???????,??????????????????,??????????????????,???:??????????,????,???????????????????????????????,?????”?????

??????????,????????????“?????,???,????????????,???????????????????,???????????,?????????????????????????”

????:?????? 

????????????“?????????”??“????????????”,???,???“????”???????“?????????????????????”???????,???????????:??????????

“???DNA”

?????????????????80?90???,?????????????????????,?????“55??????????”,????????????????????????,“55????????????????????”???????,???????????

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1988??????????,??“?”,????????,??

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???????????????,????????“????”(??????????????)????

1993????????????????????,“55???????”????????????,???????????????????,????????,?????????????????????????????????,????????,????????????

???????1997???,??????????????????“?????”,??????,??????????????????:“?????????????????DNA”?

???“DNA”?????????,????????????????

2007????????????,????,???:“??????????‘????,?????’,??”

2009????????????????????,?,?????

???????“????”,???,????????“??”??????

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2012?????????????????,???,?????????????,??????2018????????,???,????????45%???????????“????????????????”??????,??,?????????????

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2013??????5?????,????????????,“??????????”????????:“???????????,??????”

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?????????2002??????????????????????,??????????,?????????????????????????????????????“?”?

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