????:1??????:???????????

2?????????

3??????????

4???????

5?????????

????????????????(???????)

?????:“??????????????,?????????????”

????????,?,????????????;“????????????”??????????,??????;????,??????,???;???1400??????,????????????3.5?????????……

40??,?????????18????????????“????????????”??????????;??,???????????

????????,??????????“???????????????”?????,???????????????????????????????,???????????????,??????,????,??????????????,???,????????????????,????????????

?????????,????????

?????,????

???????????,?????????????,???????????

???:“??????,????????,???????????????????????,????????,?????????”

????,?????????,?????????????????????16??,?????,???????????????,?????????:“??,???????????????????”

??,?????,???“??????1960???????????????,????????????????????????????,??????????????630?????????????”????

?????????????????

?80??????????????????,??????????????,???,?????????????????????????,?????????,??????????????????????????????????

??,????????????????,???,???????????????????,????????????,?????????????,????????“?????????”??????????

“????,????,????????,????,??????????????”????,??????????????

??????,????30???……??????????????????????,??????????“????????”?

???????????????????????,?????????????

??

???????????,???????“?????????????????????23???????????????,??????????????????500????‘????’????????????????????????,??????????????”

????????????,????????220?????????????400?????????????????????107???????,“???????+”“???????????????+”“????????????????????+”“???????+”……????????????????,????,?????????????????????,“????????????”???????

??

????,??,???????????????????,??????????????;???????????????????????????????????????“????”??,???????

???????,????????2012????54.5%????????????????2023???????????????63%,??????????74%?“????????????”??????????,????50%???????????;????????????????????????……??????????????,?????????

????????1.3????????,180??????????????????,300??……??????????,????,?????

?????????????,???????????????????????????????????

???????????????????:“??????????,??????”“???????????????????????????,?????????”?

?60??????????????????????????336??????????,??????1/6???,????,????????????????,???????????

“????????,?????,?????”?????????????????????????,“??3???,???,???????”

????,??????????????,???????????????,??????????????,???????????????????

?????????????,?????????????????“????”,???????????

??????????????«????»«“???????????”???????»???????????????????????????;????????“??????????????????????”?????????,??????;???,?????????????,???????????????????????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10%??????????,???????????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???

????????????????,???????????????,???????????????900????????????????,??????????????2025???????????1500??????????2023?????????????,?????????????????????12.59????,?????????????10.2??????????

??,“????”???,?????????????????????“??”?????????,?????????,?????????

“?,??????????????????,?????”?????,?????????,??????????

“??,????,????????????,??????,????”???,????????????????,?????

????????????????????????????????????????“?”??????????????……??;????“????”????????????“??????????????????”,???????90%???????,95%???????,?,????

??????????,??????

?????????????,?????????????,????????

?????????:“????????,?????????????????,???????,???,????????????????”

???????????????????“?????????????”,2012??2023??,????8389????????21691????;2023??????????,????2.39?

??????????????????????????????,??,?????????????????????????

?????:“???????????,?????????????”

????????,?????

?,???????????:“???????????‘???????33’????????,??????????????1200????,??????,??????????,????????????500????????????????”

“????”????????????,???????????????,????,?????????????????“?????????”??,???????????,????????????,????????????????,??????,?????

?“?????”,???

????????????,???,1639??????300??????????????“????7?????,??????????????????2100???????????”????

???????????????,???????????2022?????????,??????????9??,??????????????9??????????????,?????????98???????????????2022??????????6700?????????

???,???????

?????,???????????“??”???????????“??????????,???????????”??????,????????????????,???????,??????

????????60%,???????1??????????????,????,?????????????,??????????300??,???????3????????3400?????????,??????

“??,????????????????”???,??????????????,????,?,?????????

??????????????,???????????;???,???????????????????????????????,????,????????????,????,??(? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????????????) ???:????????