?????????????:????,???????“DNA”?

????:?????:??????

??????????????????????10?????????1??(????????)?????????10???1??????,???????????????,??????,???????????????102???????

9??????????27?????????????,???,??,???????,????????????,??????,??????

????????9?????????27?????????,????????????????????,??????????(????????????????????:?????)

?,???????????,????????????????????,????;??????????,???????????????????????????,???????????,??????????????????

“??????????????,??????????”

????????????????????1957?????????,???????

?????????????,?,??

?????,?????????????,????????????????????????,??????????,??

?,????,?????????????,?????????????????????,????????????,????

1981????,???????????????????????,?,????????1986???????????

??????????,???,?????????“???”,??????

“1984??????????,?????????,????????????????,???????????,?????????????,???:??????????????????????????,????,?????????????????,??????”???

???,??????“??????,????,????????????????,??????????,????????????,???????????????????????????”

?????:??? 

????????????????????“????”???“????????”,????,??????“??????”??????????????????????“????????????????”????,?????????:?????????????

“????????DNA”

?????????????????80?90??,???????????????????????,??????????“55??????”,??????????????,“55??????”?????,????????

????????,?,????????,???,?????????????

???????????????????

1988????,???“???????????????”,?????????????????????????,?????

??,?????????????????????,?????????????“??????????”?????“????”?

????????????,???????????“??????”(??????????????)????????

1993??????????????,“55????”???,???????????????,??????????????????,????????????,?????????,??

?????????????????1997?????,??“????????”,?????????????????????,???:“??????DNA”?

??????????“DNA”????????????????,????

2007????????,???????????,?:“?????‘?????,????????????’,??????????”

2009????????????,??,??

??“???”,??????????,??????????“?????????”????????????

?????“???????????”?????????????????,???,???????,??????

2012??????,??????,??????????????,???2018?????,???,????45%????“?”???????,?????,????????????

?????????,???????,???,???????

???????????????????????

?????????????????

2013??5??????,???????????,“?????????????”??????:“???????????????,??????????????????????????????????”

??????????,???????“???????????”?????????????????“????”,????????????

???:??????

?????????2002??,??????????????,?????????????????????“?????????”?

??????????????????????,??????????????????????,?????,???

?????,???????????????,???,?????????????

??????????????????,?????????“???”??????????,????????,???????????“?”,?,??????????,???????????“??????”??,?????????

???????,??????,????,??????????????????????,?????????,??????????????????,????,????,????????????,???????,???,?????????????

????????:????????