??????????:?????????

????:????????????:2023????????

???8?????????????????11?? ?????????????:?????:??????

?????????? ??????????

“??,????????????????????????????,?????????,?????”??????,?????,???????????????????????,????????????,??,??,??

?????????,?????????1992??????????????,???????????????(IBM)???????????????????,?????????????

???? (???????????)

1997??????????????,??????(FISM)??????,??????????????????????,??“?”???

????????????????????,??????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,“?????,??????????????????????,????????”?

“???1992??????????,???”?????????????,???????,???????????,??????????,“???,??????????????????,????????,??”?

????????,????????20????????????90????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????,???????????

?????????????????????

“???????????,?,????????????,?????????????????”????????????

8?8???????????????,??(???????????)??? ?????????? ????????????

?,????

“?????????????,??????????????”?,?????????????,??,?????,?????????(??????????????)

????????????:?????????