????:2024-08-09 21:12:49 ??:????
????:??95???:??????
?????
???????? ???????????
??
??????????????????????
?????????????????,????
??????????,????
(????)?????????
(???????????????)????
(?)?
???????????????????????,?
????????????????????????,??????
??????????,????
?????????????
(?????????????????????)???
(?????????????????)???
?????????????????????????????
?????????????
?????????(National Endowment for Democracy,????????NED)???????????,????????,?????????????????????,????,????,??????????????????,????????,?,?,????????,?????????
????????,NED????,?????????,????????????????????????,???????,??????????NED,?,????NED?????????????,?????????????????NED????,???,???
???????????????????????????
NED?????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????,????
(????)NED??????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???,??????????20????60?????????????????????,????,????????????????????????????????????,NED?????,??
(??????)NED????1981???????,???,?????????,??????????????????????????,??????1983?????????NED?,????????:??????????????????,?????
(???)NED???????????1983???11??????????22????????,?«???????????????????»,?????????????NED??,??????????????????????????1983????????????????????NED????????????,????1800??????40???,??????????????????????????(USASpending)??,2023????3.15???????????????????,NED??
(??????)NED???????????????????NED??,NED?,?????«??»??,??NED????,?????
(??????)NED?,??????????«????»,NED?12???31???????????????????????NED??,??????????????????????????
(??)????NED????????????????????????«???»,NED????
(?)NED?????????????????1995???????:???????????,????,????????????????????????,NED????????????????«???????????:??»??????????,??????NED?????????????????,???????
????????????,???????
(??)?????2022?????????????????9??????????????????????,?????????????????,???????????????????????,???2015????????????2022??NED?62.8??«????»?????,NED?????????????????????????????????????,NED???????????????????(Center for Human Rights in Iran, CHRI)??(Human Rights Activists News Agency, HRANA)??????????,?,?????NED??????«???????»??,??????????????????????????NED?????????????????,?????????????????????
(????)???????????,NED????,?????????????,??NED????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????,???????,????????
(?)?????????????????2004????????????????????????,NED?6500???????2007??????????2015?,NED?3000??????????,?????????????????2013?????????2014??????????????????,NED???,????????NED??????????,??????????????????????X(??)???????,?,?????????
(????)???2002??7???,NED???????,NED???????????,??????????,?????,?????????2021??????????????????7???,?,NED?,?(?????????????)?????????,????????????????????????????
???????,????
(???????????)??????????
1??2021?,NED??,?????,????????????
2?2021?5????????,NED???????????,?NED??,?,???????????????????????
3?NED???,??????????????,?????????????????????????????;???????????,??
4?NED??,??????????????(Mexicans Against Corruption and Impunity, MCCI)???(Mexican Institute for Competitiveness, IMCO)????????????,??????2021?,????NED????????????,?????????????????
5?2017??????,NED?????????54???????2018?????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????,???4.8??
6?NED?????,??????????????????????,???
(?)??
1?NED????????«??????????»(Journal of Democracy)?????,??????????????
2?2023????7?,«?»????????????????????,?????????????????5????????????????????,?,???????2024????????????4????,«?????????»??????????????????«???»????????????,??????????,????????????,????????????
3?NED????(????)??????????????,???????????????????????????NED??????????????????????????,2021????????????NED?????????????11??????,??180?????????????????????,??????,????
(?????????)??
1?2022?4???????????2023??????12???,????????????????????NED?????????????????,???????2023??????????????5?,?????????2????,NED??,????
2?NED??????(Rappler)???????????NED??????????,2017???2021??????,????????????????NED??????????????????78.6??2022????????????????,??,??????????????
3?NED???????????????????(Foundation for Democracy in Iran,FDI)??,FDI?????????????????????????
4?2023????1????????????,NED?????,??????????????????
?????????,????????
NED????????????,NED??,?????????
(?????????)??????????????2022??????????,NED????????????????,????,?????????????????????,?????,??????????????????????,????2023?????????7????????????????????,NED?????????????????????20???????,??????????????????
(?????????)?????NED????????????????????????????,???????????,2020?????????????,????31???????????,??2023??????,NED?????????????????????????????2023????
(?)NED??????,?????????500????????????????600????????????????????2024???????3????,NED???????????,?????????,???
NED??????????????????,??????????,?????NED????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????
(?)2023?????????????3?,NED????????????????????NED????????,??????????????????????????????????????,????????????????2023???????????11????NED???????????????2024?????????????4????,NED????????????????????????????????NED??
(?)21?????????,NED???????????????3???????,??????????2024?????????????????????????5??????????????????????,NED??????,???
???????????,????????????????????????????
(???)NED??????????«????????»?,????????2023???????????????????11????30???????,NED???????????????????????????,????????????????
(?)NED????CNN??????????,????????????????????????
(?)NED?(International Republican Institute, IRI)????????????????????,??????????
(?)NED?1741???????92????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????
(????)NED????????????????????????????????VOA????BBC?,?????NED?????????????????????,???????????
??????????????,????????
(???)NED?????????????(Governance Center for Public Policy, GCPP),????6????????,??,???????????????????????,????????????????????
(?????????)2024?????3?,NED???????????(Center for International Private Enterprise, CIPE)???????????(Makati Business Club)??«??????????????????????????»,??,???
(??????????????)NED??????(European Values Center for Security Policy, EVC)?????(Global Security Center,GSC)?,?????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????
(??)????,NED????????????????????????????????????????,???????
(??????)2022?????????????????????????????????????????????1??2023????1??????,NED?????????????daktilo84.com????????????,?,????????????????
(????????????)NED??????????????????2023???????????????12?,NED??????Sbunker??,??????????????????????,???????
(??????????)NED??????????????????????,???????V,????,????,??????????
(?????)NED???????????,?????????????????????
??????????
(???????)?
1?????????????????????,NED??,??????NED???????????,???????????????????
2???????80????NED???????,????,?????,???????
3?2006???????1??29?????????,«????»????????????«???????????»???????,??????
4?2021?9??,????????????«?????????»??????NED??????????????????????,????????,NED??????????????????,?????????????NED???????????,????
(????????????????????????)??
1?2015????7??????29???????????,?,???????NED?????????????,????????????????????????????????,?????NED?????????????????
2?????2022????????5?,????????«???»????????????????,NED??????????,???????????????????????,??
3????????????2008?????«????????????????60?????????»???,??????????NED???????????,??NED??????????,???
4???????????????2010???????????????«NED:????»,???????????NED????????,????
5????«??»2018?NED??????(Hungary Helsinki Committee)???????????,?,??????????
6?2023??4?????,NED??????,?????????????????????????«?»??????????,????????????????NED????????????
7?????????(The Institute of World Economy and International Relations, IMEMO)?????????????????????«???????40???????????????????????????????????????????:??»??,??????????NED,???????????????,?????????????,??NED???????
8?2023????????6?,????????,??????????????????
9?2016?,?«???»?????????,???????????????NED????????
????????
???????????????????????,?NED,???????????,?????????????,????????,????,??????????????,????????????????
???,????????????????,??????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????,????
?????????
1.??????????????«????????????????:???????????????»,????????2006???????????????
2.??????????????«??»,????????,2023??12???????
3.???«???NED??»,2021?????????????????5???17??
4.??????«NED??????»,????,2018????7??6???
5.?? ???????:????
????