????:1??????400?4????:???????95?98

2????????

3??????

4????????????

5??????????

???10??????????????14?(??????)2024?????“???????????????”???????????????????????10??14?,2024???????????,Daron Acemoglu,Simon Johnson??????????????????James A. Robinson?????????

“????”???????????

????????“????????????”??????????????,???????“????????????????”,????????????????“????????”???????????

??1968????????,?????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????,??

???????????“???”,????,??????67???????????2007???????????(Leonid Hurwicz),??,???90???????2019????????????(Esther Duflo),???????46??????????

??????,??????,??????????????2009??????????(Elinor Ostrom)?

??????:?????????????????????

??????????????????“???”?

????1969?????????????????????2024????,????56???,?90???????????????????,????????????????

“????????????,????,???”????????????????

1994??????????????????“???”???????????????«???????????»???????????????????2015??????,????????????????????

2002???,????“??????????,????”??????

?????????????????:2018?????????

2018??,????(William D. Nordhaus)????????(Paul M. Romer),??:“??????????????????????????????”?“??????”?

???????????????,???????,??,????????????????????

??

?????????????????,??????????,?“????????”,“???????????????????”?

2017???????????????????(Richard Thaler)???????????????????????????“??????????”???????????,???????????????????????????,???????????????????????,?????????,????,????

????????,?????????????????

??,??????7???????????????????????????,??500??????5???????????????,??????????????

??:2019??,??

2019????,????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????,??????,????????,??????????????

“2019?????,??????????,???????????????”???????(?????)

??:???????????????