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??10???2??? (?????? ????)???????????????2????????«2023??»???????,2023?????(R&D)?????????????3.3?(?????,??),???????33357.1?,??8.4%,???“??????”??“?7%???”???????

??????????????R&D?2012??1?????????,2019?????????2??,2022?????3??,??????R&D??,????

?,2023????R&D??(R&D??GDP???)???2.65%,??0.09??????????,??????“?”??0.02??,????????R&D???????12?????,???(OECD)??(2.73%)?

??????????????R&D????2023?,?R&D??25922.2???3856.3???????2753.3?????,?????????????????8.6%?1.1%????14.1%????,??R&D?????????????77.7%,?2022??0.1???,??(79.0%)????(79.4%),???(67.4%)????(65.8%)????????????????

????????R&D??????,2023?????????????2259.1???????3661.5??????27436.5???,???????11.6%?5.1%??8.5%????,??R&D????6.77%,??????(?????????????) ????:????????