????????????????????????

????:???????????:??????????

???11???????7??????????????,?,?????(Majid Jowhari)????,?????????11??7???????

???????????????140??1885?????11?7?,??(Craigellachie)???????????????????,??????,?,????????,????????????????????????

?????????????,???????????1885???«???????»,???????????“??????”?????????????????1923?7???????????1?,?????,????????????“??”???«????»,???,??????????????????????1947???5???????????(? ??? ??? ?????????????????????)

?????:??????