????:1?spa??????:????100????

2???????

3?????????

4?????95?98?

5?????????

?????9????????7????? ??????:“??”:??????“??”

?????????? ?????????? ??????

??,???,??????????????????????????????????????,??156??,???10756????,????????????????(Ole Bouman)?????

?????????,???,????????,?????????????“??????????,?????,??????‘???????’????,??‘????????????????????????’????????”?????????

????????:??????“???”:???????“???????”????:?????

??

??????????????????????????????,??,????

?????????,????

2024??2??????1???????,???????????????????????,???,????????????,?????“???????????”??????????“????”?

???????????????????????????????????2005???????????????,??,????,????????????????????

“???”????????????????,?,???????????????,“????????,????????”2015???,??????,??????????????????“?”?

??/???,???????,????,???????????……?????????????,??????????????,“???????‘?’????????????????”

??“??????????????????????”??????,??,?????????:??45??,?????????????18???,?????18??,???????????????300???????????,??????????100???????,??3?????……??????156??,??????

??????“??????‘????????????’?????????”???????????????,??????

“???,????????????‘??’???”??????????????????????????????

???

1877???,??(Ferdinand von Richthofen)?????“??????????????”????,?????????,??????

????????????,????????????:???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????……?????????????

“?????,??????????”????????????,??,??,??????????……“????????????,??????”

??????????????,??????????,????,?????“??”????????????“(??)???????????,????????????????”???????

?????????????,???“?????????????????”???????????,???,????

?

???“????????,????????????????????????……”???????,????,??,???????????????,?????????“???????????”?

??????,????“??????????????”,??????,??????????????????????????,??????

??,???????????????????,“?,????????????????????,??,???”?????????,???????,????,????,??

????,????????????????????????????????……???????????????????????,??,????????,“????????????????,??????”??????????????????????????????????????????????,??“?????????”?

????????,????“?”? (????????????)

?????????,?????????????????,??????????????????????????,?????,“?????,?????????????????????,???????”??,?????????,??,“??,????????????????????”

???????????,?????????????,????????????:??????,?????

????

2024?????????????5????10???????,????????????,???,??????????????????

??????????????????? (????????)

??????,?,???????????????,“??????,????????????”

?,?????????;?????????????,??????????????,??????????,????????,??????????,???????????????????????

“?,????,???,???????”??????????????????????????,?????????????,???????

????????????????,??????“???????”???:“??”?????????????????“???”,??????????????“??”?????????????,????????????????,????

?????????,??“??”??????“‘???’????‘??????????????’??????????????,????”??????:“?,??????,????????????????,??????????”

??????????????????,???????????????????,?????????,????????,“????????,????????????????????????????????????”

???????????????????,???????????,??“?”:“?,??????????????????,????????;????????????,?????,????????????,??????????”

????5??????“??”,?????????????????,?????????????????“??”??????????

????????????????????????? (??????????)

???????,????“?????????????”(Journey to the East)???????????????,??????????????“?????????????????????”??;????????????,?????

“??????,???????????????,??????,????”?????,?????????????????????,??????

“??????????????????????,?????,”????????????????:“??????????”(??)

????????:

?????????“???????????”???????,???“??”????? ???

???????????????????????(Ole Bouman),???,?«Volume»?????????,????????,??????????,?????/???????????????????????????????????????????«?»«??»«????????»«?:???????»????????,????????

??????????:????