????:1?500?3?????????:?????100??

2???????????

3?2023?????

4???????2022

5???????

??10??2?????? (?????????????? ???????)???????2???????«2023??????»??????????,2023?????(R&D)???3.3???????(?????,??),??33357.1???,??8.4%,?????????“?????????????”???????“?7%?”??

???????R&D???2012????1???,2019???2??,2022???3??,????R&D??,???

??,2023??R&D?(R&D???????GDP???)?2.65%,???0.09?????,??“??????”?????0.02???,????????R&D?????12??,?????(OECD)??(2.73%)?

????????R&D???2023?????????,?R&D??????25922.2????3856.3????2753.3??,???8.6%?1.1%??14.1%???,?R&D?????????????77.7%,??2022??????0.1?,?(79.0%)??(79.4%),???????(67.4%)???????(65.8%)????

???????????????R&D?????,2023???????????????2259.1??????3661.5?????????????27436.5????,?????11.6%?5.1%???8.5%?????????,??R&D??????6.77%,???(?????????????????) ?????????:??????????