????:1?????????:????????

2?????????

3?????93?????

4???????????

5????????

????????????????? ???

??????????????2024.8.19??????1153??????????«?????????????????»?

8??4?????,???????,?????,?,??????????????????«???????:???????????»(???????????????«??»)?

??????????????,????????????7?????????????????,?????,????????????????«????????????»,?????????????????,??????????,?99???????,??,?????????????????????????????????(????????????“???????????????????”)??????????

1956????????,????,???????????“?????”???????????,??????????????

67?????????,????????????8??????4????????????2??????????33???,??,??97??????????????8???11?????????????,???????????????????,???????????????????????????,?????,????????????????:“???????,????????????”

?“????”????,?????

????????

??,???????????????????,??????????????????,??“???”,????????????????????????

8???????5????????????,????????????????????????????,??????60?,????????????8??,«????????????»??????,?????,???????“20??”?

1956???????,?,??????????????????????“????????????”,????????,??,?????????????????????????,????????????,????????????,?????????????????

“??????????????????????????,????????”??????«?????»???????,?????????????,?????????????????,??????????????????

20?40?????????,?????,???,???????????????????,?????,?????????????????????????????????,??????????????“??????????????????”????,?????????,?,?????“??????”?

??1955?????????,????,??1956??,???«????????»?????????,????,?“?????”,?????????,????????????????,1956??????,????????????????????????1?,???????,?????????

?????,????????????????,????????????????????,?????????????????1956?????????????1957?,?????????13????,????????????????

????,?????????:?????????????

??????????????????????????????,????????????????????,?????????????????1945????,?????????????,??????,?????????,????“????????????,??”?

1948???????????,?????“????????????????????”???????????????,????,??????????????????,????????,??????????????????,??????1950????????????????,???????,?????????“??????”??????????????????????,?“?”?

?????????????????,?????????????????????????:“???????,????????????,?????????????”?????????????“?????????????”,?????????????,?????????????????,???????????????????,????????,???????????????????,???????“????????,???”?

?????????????,????????????????,???????????,???????????????????????,??????????????????,??????1949??????2010??,??60??,??300?????,?????????60??????????????

?,????????????????????«????»???,?????????????,????????,???????????????????????????????????

????????1957?????????,?????????????????????????(????)?????(???????????)?????????????????(??????????????)??????????????(??),???????????????(?????????????????)???????????????????????????????????????????/??????????

“????‘?’”

20??80???,???????,????????????????????,?“?????????????”?

??????????1979??????,?????????33???????????,????????78???????????????????,??,???????,??????????,???????????????7????,????“???????????,?????,?????”????????????????????

“????,????????????”????????,?,????(CUSPEA)?,?????????5??????,?????,?????????????,??????????????????????,CUSPEA????????????

?1962???????1970????,????????䇹????????,????????1979??????,?CUSPEA,???????????????,??????????????????????“????????????????”??????????,CUSPEA??????????????????1981???

“?,??????,?????‘??????????????’?”??????????1980?????????,??,???????????,???????????1981??????????????????????????CUSPEA???????????5??,?,“???????”?????????,?????CUSPEA????,???????,????????,?????????????

«???»???,?????????????,??CUSPEA??????9??????,????76?????,???????????,??????

“?????,??”???????????????«?????????»????????1986?????????,??????(CCAST)??,???????????????????CCAST?????,????,??????????,?????,????????????

CCAST???????????????30????????,?????,????,??????????,???????????????????????

????,??????????CCAST????????????,????????,?????????????????,???????????“????,????????????????????”

1988?????????????????????????,???????????(BEPC)???????????,????????????????????????????,???????,?????????,???????????,2004?????2009?,BEPC??????,???????2010?,???,??????????

??????????,?????????????????????????,????????????1986?,??????,???????1996?????????????????,????????????????30?“???????????????䇹???????????”,?????????????????????????????????????????????,??????

“???????????????????????????????”????????,2010????? CCAST????????????“??????????????”??????????????,?,??“????????????????”:“?????????,????;?,?????????????????;?,????????”?,??????????,?????“???”

??????????

2020?????????????,????«??????????????»??,????????????1962???????1962????????????“??????,??????”??????

“???????????????,????????????,??????,??????????????,?????,???????????????????”

1986??????????????????,?????????«??????????????»????????,?????????,??????,????????????“?,????????????”???????????1962????????,??????????????,???

??????1946???9?,?????

1948????,????????????,??????????,????????????????,??????????????,???????,???????,???

????????????1951?????????10???,????,?????????????,???????????Yang??????Lee,????Lee??Yang?

?«????»,1952?????????3???,????????????????,???????1955?????,?????????,???????????,???????????????????,?????????????????

??????????????????????????????????,??????????????“????????????”????????????1957????????????????,??????,????????,???,?,??????,???????????????,???????????????1958?1959????????????????,?,???????

1960???????????,?????,???????????????,??????,??????????,??????????????????????????

????????????????????,????????29????????????????????????????,???22???,???????????,??????????????????????,??

?,????????,?????????????,???,“?????”?????????«??????????????»?????????????,????,??,????

2011?,??????????????????????,??????????????????????????,?????????????????,???,?????????,???????????????????????????,?????????

??????????,????????,??????????????,??????????????????,?????????????????????,BEPC???,????????,????????

??????????? “?????,??”,??????,???????????????“?????????,???”,?????

??????????,?,???????????,?????????,???????䇹1996??????,????????????????,????11??????????,????????????:“???????,???????”

«?????»2024???31????

??????:???«??????????????»?????????? ????????:??