????:2024-10-11 08:55:48 ??:????
????:??????????:?????
????
2024????????????????9?????????19?????????9???14?????,??59????????????60??,??????????,?????????
??????1994?,“????????????????”??????
??????????
???????????????59??????????????60???????,???????????:????,????????
?????,??????????????????????2020????????????6????????????????23??,????????????55??????????????????,????????56??????????????????58?????????????,???????????59?????????60?????????,????????????????,?????????????5?????????????????,???????,?,??????????????,??????????
??,????????????“????”?????????,??????3??????????:?????????(GPS)??????????(GLONASS)?(Galileo)????GPS?????????????????????,??????????????????,??,???
?????????????????????????????????????????,???,???????????????,?????????????????????,?????
????????????20???????,?,????????????????????????:2000?????????????????????????,??????????,??,????????;2012?????,???????,?????????????;2020?,???,??????
?????????
?????????????,???????
??????????????:?????????????????,???????????????????????,??????????,????????“??????????????”????
?,?????????3????,?????????????????,????????,?????
??:????????????A?5??????????????????????????A??5????????,??????,?????
??????:??B?12????????????????????????B?????????????????12????????????,???????A????????????,??
????????:????C????9??????????????,???
??????????????,?????“???????,??”??,????????????A??10??????????,?????????????????80?????????A???????????????70?,????????70???????????(299792458????????????/?????),???????“???????A?????????????”????20985472????????
????,?,?????????????????????,?????????,?????????????????????,????
??,??????????30???????????????????,????:??,?????,?????,??????????????(????????????),?,????????????????????
?????????,?????,??????????????????4???????????????????????????????????,?????????????GPS????“??????4?????????????????????????????”“?6?????????????????”??????????,?????????4????
3?????????
??4?????????,??????????????????????,?????????,???????????????????????35??????????59?????????????????????????????????60???,??????2007???4???????????,????????????,???????????60?????????
????????,???????????????3???
????????????????????(GEO)???????????????????????????35786?,???????????????????,????,???????GEO????????,????????????,3??GEO???????????????????????????(2000??????????2007?),?????????????????????????
???(IGSO)?????????????????????,???????????????????,?????“8”,???????????????????????????????????????????,GEO?????????,????,??????????IGSO??????????,?????
???????????(MEO)??????????????????2??????????????,??????,24?55°????,?????????3????????????????????,???????,??
?4???????????3??????28????????,1??(??????????56?????????????)???????4????????(????????????57-60???????????????)??????????????
?“??”
???????,??????,??,?????0.5???????????,?????????????550????????????????????,?????1?????!?????????????,???,???????????????,?????,??????????,?????????????????????15?????????“550??1????”???,????????????????????,????????????????
???????????????????????????,????,???;?(????????????????????),?,????????,??,??????????????????300?????
???????????????????????,????????????????????,?????????????,????????????????,?,?????????????????????,????????????????37????,???????????,????47???????????????????,?????????????,?????????“??????????????”,???
???,????,????????????????,????????????????????,?,??????????????,???????
??????????????,??????????????????????????????,???????????????????,??????????????????????,?????????
????????
?????,???????????,??????????“?????”,????????“?????????????????”,???????????“????”“?????????”,??????????
??????????????????2008?,???????,??????,?????????????????????,?,?,?????????????,???????????
2023????11?,??«???»??????????10????????????(ICAO)??????????,????????????????,?,?????????????????????????????????????
???????,????????????????????“??????????????????”,??????????????,?,??,??????????????????????,??
???,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????,???????????????????,?????????????????,???????????????????????????????,???????????,???????????????,“?2035?????????????????????,???????????????????????????”
??????????59?????????????????????????????????????????60????????????,????????“?”??????????,?????????????????,?,????????????????????????(??????)
???????????:???? ??????????????????:???????????
????