????:1??????????:??????

2??????spa

3?2023?????????

4???????????

5???????????

?????????????????9??????????????4??????????? ????4??,????????????,?2023??0.1%??????????,????0.2%?

????????,????????????????????,?????????

???????????????????????????????????????,2025??????2026?????????????????????0.5%,????????1.1%????????????????;????????????2026?????1.1%?

??????????????????????????????(Stefan Kooths)??,?,????????????????????????,???

“??,???????????????????,???????????”???????????????(Moritz Schularick)??,???,????????????????????,????????????????????,?????“????,????????”(???) ???????????????:????????????????????