????:1??????:?????????

2??????????

3???????????

4????????

5???????????

????????????(???????????)

???:“?????????,??????????????????????”

??,??????????,???????;“??”??????????,?????;????,??????,?????;????????????1400????????????????,????????3.5?????????????????????……

40??????,?????????????????????????18?“???”????????????????;????????????????,???????????????????????????????

??????????,????“??????”????,???????????????????????????????,????????,???????????????,??????????,?????????????????,??????????,??????????????,??????????

?????????,????

??????????,?????????

?????????,???????????,???????

?????????:“??????????????????,??,??????,???????????,???”

??????????????????,????????,???????????????????16?????????,?,????????????,????????????????????:“???,???”

?????????????????,???????,????????????“??????????1960???????,????????????????????????????????????????,??????????630????????????”???????????

????????????????????????

??80???????????????????????,????????,????????,????????,?????????????????,???????????????????

??,?????,??????,???????????????,???,????,????“?”??????

“????,??????????,????????,???,??????????????????”?????,???????????????

??,????30??????……????????,????????????????“??”?

??,????

??????????????

????????,???“?23?????????????,??????????????500??????????????????‘????????’??????????????,???”

?????????????,??????????????????220???????????????????400?????107????????,“??????+”“???+”“?????????+”“?????+”……?,??????????????,???????????????????????????????,“????????”?????????????

??

???,??????,??????????????????,????????????????????;???????????????????“????????”??????????,????????

?????????????????????,??2012??54.5%???????????????2023??63%,???????????????????74%?“???????”?????????,???????????50%?????????;?????????……??????????????,??

????????1.3???????,180?????????????????,300????????????????……????,?????????,??????????????

????????????,????????????????????????????????????

??????????:“???????????,??????????????”“??????????????????????????,???????????”?

????????????60???336?,????????????????1/6?????????????????,????????,??????,????

“??,???????????????,?????”????????????,“?????????????3??????,???????????,??????”

??????????,????????????,??????????,??????????,?????????????

???????????????,??????????????“??????????????”,?????????????

???????????????«???»«“??????????????????”????????????»?????????;??????????“?????????????”??,???????????;?????????????????????????,????,???????????????????????

??????????????????????10%???,???????????????????????

????????????????????????????????,?????

????????????????,??????????????????????,???????900???????????????????,????2025??????????????????1500??????????????????????????2023????????,?????????12.59??????????,????????10.2?????

??,“????????????????”?????,???????????“????????????”????????????????????????????????????????,??,??????????

“??????,???????????????,???”??,??????????????,?????????????

“??????,????,??,???????,??????????????”?????????????,????????,?????????????

?????????????????“??????????”????……????????;???????????“???”??????“???????????????????????????????????”,???????90%??????????,95%??????,??,???

??????,????

?????,??,????????????????????????????????

?????????????:“??????,????????,????????????,???????????????,?????????????????”

??????“????????”,2012????????2023??,????8389??????????21691????????;2023????????,??2.39?

?????????,?????,??????????????

?????:“??????????,??????”

???????????????,?????????

????,???????:“??‘?????????????????????33’???,????1200????????????,????,??????????????,????500?????????”

“????????????????????????????”???????????,????????????????????????????????????????,???,???????????????????“??????????”?????,??????,????????????????,???????,????????????,?????

????????“?????????????”,??????????

?,?????,1639???300?????“???????7????,?2100????????”????

???????,?????????????????????2022??????????????,???9????????,?????????????????????9????????,??98????2022??????????6700???

??,??????????????

?????????,????????????“???????”????????“????,??????????”????,????,????,???????

??????????60%,??????????????1??????,????????,????????????,????????????????300???,??????????????????3????????3400?,???????????????????????????

“????,????????”???????,?????????????????,??????????????,????,?????

???????????????????,?????????????????;????,?????????????????,????????????,???????????,??????????,??????????????(?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?) ???:?????????????????