????:1???????????:?????????

2???????????

3???????????

4?????90????

5?????????

??10???????2?????????? (????? ?)????2?????«2023???????»???,2023??(R&D)????????3.3???(????,???),???33357.1?,???8.4%,????“?????????????”?????????“???7%????”??

??R&D??????2012???1???,2019???????????????2??,2022??3??????,??R&D????,????

????,2023?????R&D?????(R&D??????GDP??)?????????2.65%,???????0.09???,??“??”??0.02?????,????????R&D??????12??????????????,???(OECD)?????????????????(2.73%)?

??????R&D????2023???????,?????????????R&D?25922.2????????3856.3?2753.3??,???8.6%?1.1%?????14.1%???,??R&D?77.7%,?????2022??0.1?,???????(79.0%)??????(79.4%),???????(67.4%)???????(65.8%)????

??R&D??,2023????????????????2259.1???????3661.5??27436.5???,??11.6%?5.1%?????????8.5%??,????R&D??????6.77%,????(?????) ?????????:?????????