????:1??????????????:??????????

2?????

3???????

4????????????

5?????spa???

?10?????????????????14??(?????????????????????)2024?????????????“?”???????????????????????????10?14????,2024??????????????????,Daron Acemoglu,Simon Johnson????????????????James A. Robinson??

“??”??????????????

??????????????????“??”???????????,????????????“??????”,???????????“???????????????????”????

???1968???????????????????????,??????????????,???????????,????

?“??????????”,??,??????67???2007??????????(Leonid Hurwicz),???,??????????????????90???2019???????????????????????????(Esther Duflo),??????????????????46????????????

????????,????,?????????????2009??????????(Elinor Ostrom)?

????????????:????????????

??“??”?

?????????????1969????????????????2024??,??????56???????????????,??????????90?????????,????????????

“???????????????,??,??????”????????

1994?????????????????“??????”????????????????????«?????»??????????????2015?????,??????????????????????????????????????????????

2002?,????????????“??????????,??????”?????????????

???:2018????????????

2018???????????,????????????(William D. Nordhaus)????(Paul M. Romer),????????????????:“????”?“?????”?

??,??????,????,??????????????????????????????

??

???????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????????,?“?????”,“????”?

2017????????????????????(Richard Thaler)??????????“??????????”??,?????????????????,????,?????????,??????,?????????

????????????????,???????

??,??????????7??????,????????????500???????????????5?,???????????????

???????:2019?????,??

2019??????????,???????????????????,???????????????????,??,??????????????????????????????????????????,?????

“2019???????,???????????????,??????????????”??(???????)

????:?????????