?????????????:???????,????“DNA”?

????:??????:??????

?????10??????????????????1???(?)????????????????10?????????????????1???,???????????????????????,?,??????102???????????

9?????????27???????,?????,????,??????,??????????????,???????????,??????

????????????????9????????????????????27??????,?????????????,?????(?????????:?????)

?,????????????????????,?????,???????????;??,?????????????,?????????????,??

“??????,????”

??????????1957?????????,???

??????????,?????????????,???????????????

????,????????????,????????????????????,???????????????,???????

??????????????????,??????????????????????,???,?????????????????????????,?????????????????,???????

1981????,?????????????,??????,???????1986???

??,???????,?????“???”,???????

“1984????,??????,??????????,?????????,???????,????????????:????????????????????,????????????,???????????????,???????????”?????????

????,?????“?????????,???,????????,????????????????,?????????,????????????????”

????????:?????????? 

????“?????????????????????”????????????“???”,?????,?“????????????”??????????“??????”???,???????????????:?????????

“??????DNA”

????????????80?90????????????????????,???????????,?????????????“55???”,????????????????????,“55??????????”?????????,????????

??,????,???????????,?,???????????

????????????

1988?????????,?????????????????????????????????“?????????”,????????,???????????

???,?????,???“???????????”???“????”?

???,?????“????????????????”(???????)????????????

1993?????,“55????”?,?????????,????,???????????????????,?,??????

????1997??????????????????????,???????????“??”,?????????????,??????:“??????????DNA”?

????????????“DNA”???????,???

2007???,??????????????,?:“????‘???????,?????’,???????”

2009?????????,????????,???????????????????

?????“????????????”,??????,??“??????????????”??

??????“????????”?????????????,?????????,????????????????,???

2012???????????????,?????,?????,?????????????????????2018??????????,???????????,???45%?????????????????????“???????????????”???????????,????????????,?????????????

????,?????????????????,??????????,?????????????????????

???

????

2013???????????5?????????,???????????,“????”??????????:“?????????????????,??????????????????????”

??,??????????????“??????”???????????????????????????“??????”,????

???????:??????

????????2002???????,??,????????????????????“?????”?

?????,?????????????????,???????????,???

????,??????????????????????,??????????,????????

????????,?????????????????“?”????????????,?,?“?????”,???,???,????????????????????????“?????”?????,?????????????

??????,?,???????????????,?????????????????,???????????????,?,???????????,??????????,??????????,??????????????????????,????????????????????,???????????????

?????????:?????????