?????????????|????????:“???”???

????:??????????:?????????

????8????????22?????? ???????:????:“?????”???

????????????? ??

2024????60??????,?????,???????????????????????(David A. Palmer)????“???????”??????????????????,???,???????“???”??

?:????????????????????????????????????????????????:“????????”?????????????????????????????:????????????????

???“???”????????

??,??????????????,??????????,????????????,???

?????????????????????,??????«?????»«?????????»«??????????????»????????14?????????,????,?????????????????????????????,???????

???????«????????????»???????????

20??????????????80????????,?????,?????????????????,?????????????????,???,??????????,??,??

?????????????,????Palmer??,??????????????“-er”??????????????,???Palmer??????????“?????”??????????????“????”???????,??“????”,??????????????“????”?“????????,????,?????????????????”?????????????

???????????????

«??????»??,??«????????»?????,???“?????”“??????????”?,??????????????“?”??“??,???????????????”,????????;??????????“?????”“???,?”?

?????,«??????»?????????????,???????????,????????????????????????,????,????????,?????????????????????????,?????????,???????????????,???????????“?????????????”?????,???????????????????,???????????

???????,????,????????,??????????????,“??,?????”????,???????????????????,???,???,???

??????,????,??????????????????????????,??????

?????,????,????????????,??????????“????????????????”???????????????????,??,?????,???????,???????????????

?????????,??,?,??????,????????????????????,??????“?”,????,??

2021??????????3?????????????????,??????????«??????????»???????????????????????????????????????“???”???,?????“???????????”?????????????? ?????? ????????????????????

?????

???:“????????,???????”??,????,???“??,?????,??‘???’??,???????,????????,????”?????????????

????,?,?????,??????????“?????”,???

??????????,???????????????19?????????,?????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????,??,???????????

“?????????,????,?????????,?????????????????????????????‘??’????‘??????’?????????????”?????????,???????????????,??????????????????????????,????????????,?????????????????????,???????????“?,??,???;????????,???????????,???????????????,?????,?????”????????????????

????,???,“???????????????”????,????????????????????????,??,?????,?????“??????????????????”??????(???????)

??:

???????????????(David A. Palmer),????????,???????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????,?????????,??????????????????????????????«??????»???????????

???:???????