?? ????????????????
????:1??????????:??????????
2???9598?
3???????????
4????????
5??????????
?????????“????????????”??????????????“???????”
??
????,?????,????????????????????????75????,????4??????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????
1932??????????????1959??1984?????????????2024??,4????,?????????
????????,??????????????????????,??????????,??????“?????????”?????????????“????”??
???????,????,????????!?????????,???????????“????????????”?,??“???????????,?”???????,????????,???????????,??????????????????????????,???????:“???????????????……????”
???????!??,??????????,??
??????????????????????????????????????????????,????????,?????????????1959???????????????????,?????,??????,???????,????,????????????????????????
????????????????????,??????,???????????????????,???“??????????????????”?????????????????????????????????……?????????????,?????????????“????????????,????”,???????????
??1978???????,?????????????????,??????1984??,?????????,????????????,??????,???????“????”???????????,??????????????353???????????????,??15??????
??,??????????????«???????»,???,?????????????????,???????????????????????????,???????80???????????????“????”,“????,???????????”????????“??????”??????????????,????????????????????????,??????????????,?????!
?????
???????????????????????????????,“???”??????????????????,????2024????,?,??????????,???????????????????,????,???????……???????,????“?”??????????,??????,????,?????????,????,????????:“???”“???????????”?
????,??????4??????????,??????????,???????:“????????????????????????????????????????????,?????”
??“??”?
“??????????????”1908????????,“???,??????,?,?????”????,????:
??????1932???“????????”??????“?????????????”,????????????,???????????405????????????;
???1984???????????,??????????????,???300????;
????????2008????“????”,2022????,????,????????????“??”??????,???:“??”
?????????????????????????????,??“??????????????”“??????,???”,????,???????????“?”???????????????????????????????“??????”???,“???????????”?????????????????????????????,????????,??????????“??????,??????70???????80??????90??????00????,????????????,??????????”?????,????
????????????????????????,?,????????,????
???????,??“????????”??????????????????????,?????????????????
1917???,«???»???????????????????«?????????????????????????»??,???“????”??????????????“???,?????”,??
????????????????????,????????????????,??????????“?????????????????????????????????,??????????,?????????”??????,????
?????,???????????????????,??????????????,??????????“?????????3?????????”???,“?????‘??’”????????????????2017??????,??????1949?35?????????????,????????????2017????????76.7???????????78.6??????,????????????
??,???????????,???????“???????,??????????????”???????75??,?????????
???????????????,?????(?????? ???? ?? ????) ??????:????????????