????:1??????:????????95?

2???????wx

3?????200??500????

4?????????

5????????

???????“???????????????”???????????????????????,???????????????????

??75?????,????(???“???????”)???????“????”????“????????”???????,????????????100????“??”????????????100?“??????”??????,????8??????????“???????”???????,????????????,????????????????,??????????,?,??????????75?????????

?????????75??,????,??????“??”????,????????????????????????????,????????????,???????????????16?,?4.6??,????????????????70%,?????????????????,??????????75???????,?,?????

????????,?,??“????”??????????????????,???“???????????”?,???????“??????????”???????????,?????????????“?????”???,???

????????“???”???????12306?????????8????????“???????????”???????,?????????????????????«?????»«?»«???????»«??»«??»«???????????»«?????????»«???????»??????????????????,????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????,?????“????”?,??????,??????,??????????“???”?

???,??

“???”,???????

???

??????

1949??,?????3??????????25????????6???????????,?????????,???,????????????

?????,?????“??”,?????????

1949???????????5?1?????????,??????????????:“????????????”,????“????????????????????????,???????????????”????

1949??10????????1???????,?????????????,???????????????,?????

1950???????????1???22??,«????»????????????????????????????????“???????????”??,??????????“????????????”????????,??????????;????,????????????????????,?“????????????????,??????????????”????

“????????”????????

????????

??????????????,??????,?,??????,????????????“????”“?”,?“????????”????????????

????????,??????????????“????????”??????????????,?,?????????,“???????”?,????????????78??????,1946????????????8???????,??27?????????,????????

????“???????”?????????????,??????????1949?????????,???????????????,???????????????????,??,????1200??????,???????

??????,????9?????98???????4000????,???????????????????“???”?

“????????!”??,????1952???????,??“???????????”???????????????,????1958????,?????????????“???”????,?;??????,?6Y1?,?????,?????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????,???

“???”???????,????????“?????????????????”????,?????:?????,???????????????,???,?????????????“???”??????????,????????????????????????,????,?????!

70??,“??????????”???:?????????????????????????????????,????????

?????????

????

????????,???????,???????????????????

???“???????”???????????????????,??????????“?”????????????1909?,?????????,??????????,??,??

???????,???????“???”?,??,?????????????????,?????

??“????????”????????,????2019?????,???350???????????????????“?????????”?,?????,???“????”????????????????????????“?”???????“???????”,???

????:?????,1949??2.1???;1978??????????????,5.2??????????;2003????????????,7.3?????????????;2012?,9.8??????????????;2024????????????,??????????16?????,??,????????

?2.18????????????????16????????????,?????????,??,???,?????,???????????????????????

?????,1951???,??????,?????1982????,?,?????????,???????????,?????71??????????????,???????,?????????????????????110????,?????????????????“???”??????????????“???????”??????,?????!????????????,?????????

???“??”?????????“?????????????”?,?,????110?????!????????,???,?????????????“????”?????????????,?,??????????????????????????????????????

?????12306???????????

????

?????“????????”,???,??,??????????????????????12306??????????????

“?”????1980???????????«?????»?????????,????,????,????????????????????????????????????,??????,????????????????????????,?????????????

?????«12306??????????????????»??:“?,??????????????,????????????????????????,??????????????????,?????????????????????????????,????????????????????,??????,??????????????????,???????,????!”

???????????,????????????,????……?????????????????????,12306?????,???

??????????,???????,????,“?????????”???,????

????????????“???”????

??????

????“??????”?????,???????????????,??????????????,???????,????“??????”?????

“??????”???????????????????????????22??????????????????????????????????691?????????28??……???“?????????”????????????,?????

6063????,??6063????????????????????18????1958?????,??6063??,?????????60???????,?????,????????????,?“????????????”?????1????????????,??????6063?????????????????,???????,?????????

“?”

?

????????“?”???????,??????????“???????????”????,????“??????????”?

?2021???????????12??3????????????????????????????3????,??,???????????????????????????????????????“?????”?????,????????????????????????10?????????????????????????2900????????????,?????

???????,?????????????,????????????????????????????????????????,????,?????????,????????????????????????????“?”??“?”?????????,?????????

???????????,???????????????????????????????,?????,???????,???????????????????,????,?,?????????????

?,????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????,?????????????

????

??????

???????,??????????????????,???????????,??

2013?????,????????25?????11????????51???????,68?????????????500??2?????????????,????????

????4??????,??????????,????????????????????,?????10????????????,??????,??????

?,2024?????????????????6???????????????,“?????”?2023??????????????????,???????????????????,??????????

?????,??????????????????,??????????????????,???,?????????????,????????????,?,??????????????????????,???????????????,????????,????????????????“CR450????????????”,?????????400????????????

????????????????,?????????,???,?????????,????“???????”???????????????????????,??“?????????????”??????????????????!(????? ???????????)

????:? ???????????:???????