????:1???????:2023?????????

2????????

3??????????????

4?????????????

5??????????????

??????/???????

???????????????????????????????,??????????,??????????????

?????????,??????????????,?????????,??(GDP)?????

??????????

????,?????????????GDP??4.8%??????????????,???,?????????????GDP??????0.9%,????,?????????

???“????”????,9?????????????????????????????????????????10????????????(PMI)??????5?????,??????????

??????????????,????GDP?2.8%,???????????????70%?????????????????????3.7%,????0.9????????????????????????3.3%,?0.6????

???????????????,????,??,????,???????,???????

?GDP????0.9%???????????,????????,??????????????GDP?????0.2%,??GDP????0.4%?????????0.8%?

????????????????????,?????????????????,???GDP??7.4%,?????????GDP??????5.3%,???????????GDP??????????????4.1%,?????????????2.9%?

??,?????????GDP???????0.1%,??????????????????,???????????????,?2.2%??????2.3%,???????????2.4%?

??????

???????????????????,??,????????????????,????

??,????????????????????????,???

?????,?????,?????????????????(IMF)???????????,?????,??????????????????7%,????????GDP??????,????

????,????????????2023????????????10?????????,2024?????????????????2.7%,????????2023????????1.2%??????????????

???????????????????,???“????”“??”????????“???????”???????????????,?????????

??????????????????????,“????????????????”??2000????2023???,“????”???????“???????????”???????????????25.1%????????????42.1%,????“????”????32.1%?48.8%?

?????????“????????”?????2000???????2023??????????,“?”????????????2.2%??5.4%,?4.0%????????????????11.9%???????????????????????“?????”??????????????????????? ????????????:???????????