????:1?????????:????????????

2??????200???

3??????

4???????

5??????400????

????????????????????11????20?????? ?????:“????”?????????????????????????

????????????????????????????

??? ??

“????????”??????????????????“????”“????????,???????????”“??”?????????????,????????“??”?????????????????,????????“??”,?????????????????????????,??????,?????????

???:

?:?????????????????????????

?:????????????????????,????????,“??”(????800??200??)??,???????????????????????,????????????????????????????,?????“?????????”?

?????,?“??”???????????????????????????????,???,?????????“??”“????”??,???,??????????????????,“???”????,??????“?????????????”,??????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????

??:“???????????????????”??

?????????????:???????????????(Louis Henkin)???????,“??,?,????????????????????????????,??????”“?????”????????,????“?????????”??????????“?????”??????(???),?????,????????????????????????????,????????????????,???

???????????????????,“???”???????,???“??”,???,?????????????????,?????«?????????»????,?????162???“??”,??“????”????????????????????,“????”(«?????»),“????”(«???????????????????????????»),??????????“???????????????????????,?????????”(«?????????»),????????????????“???????????,?????????????????????????”(«???????»)????“??????,????”(«?????????»,???????????????????????«??????»)??????????????????,?????“????”?????????????

????????????????????,“????”???,???????“????????????????”,???????,????«???????»???“?????,??,????????????????,??”(«??????????????»)?????????“????????????????,?????????????????,?????”(«????????????????????????»)??????????????“??”????,????????????????????????????????“?????,??????????????????,????,??”(«???????????»)?????????????????“???????????????????”????,???,?????

?,“???”?????,???“???????????????”,?,?????????????????,????????????????,????“????????????????????”???????????,???????????????????????,“???”????“???”(«????????»),?????????,??“??????????,???????????????????”(«???»)?“?????”???“???”(«??????????????»)??“??????????????”(«????»),???????????????“????”(«?????????????????»)?????????????“??????????”?????????????“???”?????,??“????????????”“????????”“?”???????,????????“??”??,??,??“???,????”(«?????????????????????????????????»)?“?????,??”(«?????????»)?

????,“??”??,????“??”,?????,?????????,????????????????,??????????“?????”??????????????????????,???????“??”????????????,???????“????????”(«????????????»),???????,??“?????????????”?????????????????????????“??”“?”,??“???,?????”(«??????»)?“????????,????”(«????????????????????????»),?????

??,“???????”??“?????”“??????”“????????????????”“??”“???????????”????????,“??????????????”?????,“????????????????”?????,“???”?,“???????”???????????????,“??”????????,“???”??,???,???????

??????????????????????????????

??:???????????????????“????????????????”?????????

??:“???”????????,???????????????????,????,??,??????????????,???????,??,?????????????,??????????,????????????????

??????????“??”??,????2300??,???,?????????,??????????,??,?????????????????“???????”?????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????

??:??“?????????????????”?????“???”?

??:???????????????,“?????????”????????????????????????“???”?????“????”,????????:????“?????”??,????,???????;??,???????,?????????????,??????????;?????,?????,??????????????,?????(????)

???:

????????????????

??,??,????,?????????????????,??,????«??????»??????

?????????????????????:???