????:1????????:??????

2?????????

3????????200?3??

4???????

5???????

??????????????8???????24??????? ????????????:??:???????????????

??? ??????????? ? ??????????

?,???????????????????????????????????,?????????????,????,???????????????????????????

???????,????????????,?????????????????400????,?????????9?????“???,?????”???????????????

??“???”,?????????,????????????????????,?????????????????“??????”?????????????????????,?????????????????,???????????????,??????????????

?????????1.6??????????

???????????,???????,1900???????????,????“????????????”“??????????????????”??????,????????????????????“????”???????????????,???????????

“?????,??????”?????,??????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????,???

????,?????????????18?????????48???????,1989????1.6????

???(???) ????????????????

1995???,????,??,??????????????????,?????????“??”?????????????“?????”??????????????????????,?????????“?????”,???????

“??”?

“????????????????????,??????????????????,??‘?????????????????????’????”??????????

2001????????,???????????????,?????????,?????“??????”??,??“??????????”?????

“????????????”??????,????,???,???????????????????,?????,????????

???????????2004??????4??????????,?????“??”???????????????,????????????,??????????????????????,??????????“?????????????????????”???“?????????????????,?????????????”??????

????(??????????????) ??? ??????????

?????,????,??“?”????,???“??????????????”??????“???????????”,?????????????“???”(???????????????????????????)??????

2022???,??????????4???,??????????“?????????”,????????????

?????

“????,???,??”23????????,????????????

??????,????“???????????????????????????”?

“??,??????1.5?????????”????2??????,???,????????????

“?,??????”???????,???????,???????,????????????,????,?????,???????????????

???????????,??????????????????????,????,?????

??????????????(????????) ?????????????? ???????

????,????,??????????,??????????????????????“???+”???,??????,????????,????????????,???

“???????‘???’??”???,??????,?????????????,???

??,????????????,??????????(?????????)

????????????:??????