??????????16???

????:?????????:??????

??????9???????14??? ???“???????????”???????????????,9??????????????????14????,????????????,?????????16???????????????,???????????4.6?????,????2012????????????64.2%?392.2%,???????????,????????????????????

???????,???????????,????????????????????????????????????,?,???????,??????????????????“????”???,??????????????,??????????????????,????????????????????

???,???????????????????????????????,??????????????,??,????????????,??????,???????????????????????,?????,???,?????????,??,???????????????????,?????????,?????????????,?????????????????????????????????????,?????,?????????2012????????????,??????9.65???????????????,???????????????6.6???,?????????????3.8??????????????,???????????????????????????,???99%??????20????,????????????96%?????????????????50???????????,??????????????????,??????,????????350??????????????

???????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?,?????????????????,??????????????????,?1.2?,???????????????1?????????????,??????????????????2012???????????????????184%?426%,2024???????????5????????????1??????2069.3??,???????????????????????????12306????,????????????,??????????????????????????????????,????????????????????4703????????,????????????????1722?????,??94%,???????2012??????????22??????????????????????????????????????????????(?????????????)????,?????????2023????????????????,?????????????????38.5?????14729???????,????????????2012????103.6%?50.1%,???????????,?????????41.4%?51.5%,????2012??36.4?22.1???

?,??????????????????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????????????,?????,?????????????????????,??????????????????,???2?????????????????,??4.57?????????????,????????????????,??????????????????85??????????????????????,??????????,????????????,???,???????,????????,??95306?,??????????????????,????????2023??,???????????????????????50.1?????????????36438???????????????,???????,?????????????????????????????????

?????????,?????,???????,??,?,???????????????,???,?????????????????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????,??,??????,???????????????????????,??????????????350????,??????????????350??,?????????????????????????????????“CR450??????????????”,???????57???????????????453??????????????????891?????????????????????,???????????????????????????,?????????????1219?????????????,?????????????????????????????UIC?ISO?????????????????IEC???300????,UIC????????????13??????????????,????????????????

???,???????????????????????????????????????,?????????,????,???????????????????????????????“??”?????????,??????,????,???????,?????????????????????,2012????????????????,?????????????????????,????????????,??????????,????????????(6A)????(8M)??????????????????????(6C)????????????(5T)???????????????(PHM)?????????????,????????????????????????????,??2012??????????????????,???????????????????????,??????????,2023?2012??????75%?79%,????????????

?????????,??????????????????????????????????????????????????,???,???????????,?????????????????,???????,???,????????????????“??????”????????????????????????????“?”????“????????”,???????14??????????????????52???????????,?????????500??;????????????????,????????????,???????????2????????????????10???,??????27.3???,?2??14?????,?????1000??;?????,??????880????????????????????,????????;?,2016??,??????????1702???2023????1.7??????????????,???10????????????,????????????????80??????????????????567??????????????,2017?????,??????????????,2023??86?????,??????????????13.8%?

?,??????????????????,??,?????,????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,2012???,???????5.4????????,?????78.5%,145???,?????1600??;????,????????????????????,???????????????????????????“???”,??????????????????22??(????????????????????)?????691?????????????????;??????????????,?????“????????”???,??????,????,???????????????????9.9??????????????????45.3??;??????????,????????????6.16???????????????????????????,??????????,?????88.7%,????????????????????????75.2%,2023??????3.81??/?????,??????? ?????????:???????????