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???10??2????????????????? (???? ?)??????????2???«2023?????»???,2023?(R&D)???????3.3???(??????????????,?),??????33357.1?????,??8.4%,?“??”????“?????????????7%??????????”????

??R&D?????????2012????1??,2019???????2???,2022?????????3???????,?????R&D??????,?????

?,2023???????R&D??(R&D???????GDP?)?????????????2.65%,???????0.09?????????,??“??”??0.02???,?????R&D??12??,??(OECD)?????????????(2.73%)?

??????????????R&D???2023??,???R&D??25922.2???????3856.3??2753.3????,?????8.6%?1.1%???14.1%???????,???R&D??77.7%,????????2022???0.1??????,??(79.0%)?????(79.4%),?(67.4%)???(65.8%)???????

???R&D????,2023?????2259.1????????3661.5???27436.5?????,?????11.6%?5.1%???8.5%???,?????R&D???6.77%,????????????????(??????) ??:?????????