?????75?????(????????)

????:????:????

???????????75????????????75??,????????????????,????????????????????,?????????????,?,???????????????????????????????????,???????????

??????????????????????????,????,?????????????????????,2023??????????????223???????????????GDP??????????????89????????43.6??????????????????????????……??75??????????????,“??”???????75????,????????????????“?”?????????,??????????????,??????????????????

????????????? ?????????????

????????????????7.9%

??

????,????????????????????????,??????????????????,?,????????????????????1952?????????????679???,????1978????3679?;????,??????????,1986??1?????,2000????10?????????,2006??????????????????????????????20??????????,????????12??????10????????,2020??????????????100???,2023????126?,??????????????????????????????????,2023?1952?????????????223?,????????????7.9%;?,19792023?8.9%,?3.0%??

?????????GDP????8.9?????

???

1952??,??GDP?119?????????????,????,??GDP????????????????????2019??,???????GDP????????????70078???????,??????????????10158?,??????1?????????;2023?89358??????????,?????????1952???????????????????89??????????????,??6.5%,??12681???,?3?????????1.2???????????,2023?(GNI)?1.34??????????????,????????

??

???

????,??????,?????????????1952??,?????????????50.5%?20.8%?28.7%???????,??????,????

?????,?????????,????????,?,??2023?????????,???????????????????7.1%?38.3%?54.6%??????????,??????9???????????????????1.3????????????,??????????????????,?????,????????????????,????????,?????????“????????+”???????????????

“???”?22.4??????????

??????????

????,????????,??????????,???,?????????????

20132023??,????????????8.7%?10.3%,??????????????,?????????????????5G?????,“?????”??????????,??????

???2023?????????,??421???????????????;???????,????????????

?????????,?????????????????????,“??????????????????????????????”????????????2023??????????,?“???”??22.4?????,??????????GDP????17.73%?

??????

??????

1949???2.2??????????,??????????8.1???,?????????????????75??,?????,??,??????????,????????????????????????????????

2023????????,??????????15.9??,???????1949???6?????????,?????4.5?,??????????????????2/3???;?????????????544??,??66?,??18.4??????????,??;??12.8????,???74.1%;???????876????????????????,2023????????????1.7??,??????????2016???10?????,??????????,????????????????????????????

?????????3.92??

??

1949?49.7??????????1978??,????????171???????????????????????????,????151??,????????????,????,????????,??,??????????????????2023??,?39218?????,??????1949????76????,??????????6.0%;?26796?,???1956??????????36??,??5.5%?

???????,?????????????,???????2023?,?29.8%,??1978?????????????????34.1?????????;??????45.2%,?2013?????????5.5??????????????,???????,???2023?,?????????????????????????????49.7????????,??????145.9??,?????????2013????2.9??2.1????

???????????????????

???????????????????????

????,???????????????????,??

?,?????????????????????????????????????,????????????????????,?????????????,?,??,?????

2023??????,?????10.66??,?1989?????10.09?;??????????????????2.44???????????????????????????3.02????????????????,?????????????1994?????????1.64?????????????2.84???????????????,??,?????????,???

9899???

?

??????????,????????????????????????????????20?????????5070???????,?,??????,?“??????????”?????????,??????????????????????????????,???

??,????????,?????????????8????????????????,????2020?????????????9899?,832????,12.8????????,???????????,?????????????,?????????????10???«???????????2030?»?????,?,???????

????60%

????

????????????,?????,???,?????????????

2023??????????,???????????????????????????91.1%?95.7%?91.8%;???????????1.6??????????????4542??????????,???????????1949????????????????6.4???????????????????103???????????,?(OECD)????????

?????????????,??????????,????????2023???,?60%,??????????????;????1982?8??11.05?,??????????????????

????????

??

1950??????????????,??????????11.3????,???????????1978???????206?????????????????,??,2001??????????????????????????????,?????,???

??????????????????,???,???,????????????????1978??????????1%????2023??????12.4%,?7??????????????“???????”?????????????,?150????30??230?“??”?????,??????????25??????????200????,???????“????????????”?

????????????????????????

???????????

????????????,????,?????,???,?????1999???,???????????????????????????????????????2012????????,?????????,?4.9,???????????1952??????????8.1?

????????,????????????????????????????????,?????20132023??,???????6.9%?7.1%,????????????????????????2023??????????,????????????????????????????????46.7%?24.4%,??????????2012?2.9???0.9??????

????????????46.3???????

??

???????????????????,???,?????1956????????????????????“?????????”????????????,???????????????????????????????,??????,???????,??

??,????????,????????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????“?????”,?????,???11??????,???,???????????2023???????,??????????????,?????46.3??????

?66%

??????????????

?????????,????????1949?????????10.64%,1978????????17.92%???????,???????????????,?????????????2023??,?????????9.3?,???????1978????7.6????????;???66.16%,???????????????????????48.24?????????????????

?????,????????,??????,??2023????????????????,??????????????48.3%,?2015?????????8.4???????????????????????,????,???,??????????????2012????????????2.88:1??????????2023?2.39:1?2023??????????????,???????????12.4:1,????2013?1.4?2023?????460????????????,?????????99%???????????,????14.4????????

??????????3246???????????????????????????6833?

??

1949??,??????????????,??????????????,????,?????2023?,??????3246????????????????????????6833?,??????????1949????????59??325??????????;????????????119?(?)?

????,?????????,?,???????,?????2022???,?4.46%,?????2013?????????0.77??;?????????2012??????????888??2023??1622????????????

????????78.6????

??

??,??,???75????????????????,???????????,????????????,?????????2023??????????????????,??????????107?????????????,????1017????,????????????1249??????????

???,??,???,??2023??????,???13.34???,?2018???95%?????????????2023???,??????78.6??????????????????????????,?????1949?????43.6??,????????????????????

?????????24.02%

?????????????????

20????50?????????,???,?????????,?????????????????,??“??????????????”?????????2022?????????,??9014???,???????????20??????????80????????25???????????????30??????????;??18%,?????????????

????????????,“?????????????”?????????????????????????????????24.02%?2023??,????????????(PM2.5)?????????????2016???????28.6%,??????21.6??????,??????????????????????,???“?????????”?????????????“???????????????????”,???????????(???????????) ???????????:????