????:1????????:??????????

2??????

3?????????

4???????

5????????

????/????

????????????????????,?????????,???????

????,???????,??????????????????????????????,?????????(GDP)?????

????

?,????GDP?????4.8%????,????????????,?????GDP??????0.9%,????????,????????????????

????“??”?????????,9??????????????????????????????????10???????????????(PMI)??????????????????5?,???

????,????GDP????????2.8%,??????????????70%?3.7%,?????????????0.9???????????????3.3%,???????????0.6????

????????????????????????,????????????????,??????????????,??,????????????,???

?????????????GDP??0.9%???????????,???????????????????????,???????????????????GDP????0.2%,???GDP????????????0.4%?0.8%?

??????,?????????????????,????GDP???????????7.4%,???????????????????????????GDP????????????????5.3%,?????????????GDP????4.1%,???2.9%?

????????,??????????GDP??0.1%,??????????????????,????,???????2.2%??????????????????????2.3%,???????????2.4%?

??????????

?,??,??????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????

????????????,????,???????

????????????,???,?????????????????(IMF)?????,?????????,????????????????7%,??GDP????,??????????????

??,?????????2023?????????????10????,2024???2.7%,?????????2023??1.2%???????????

????,????????“????”“??”????????“???”?,??????????????

?????????,“??”???2000???????2023????????????????????,“?????????????????”????????“?”?????????25.1%????42.1%,?“?????”?????????????32.1%???????????48.8%?

???????????????“????”???????????????2000??????????2023??,“??????”??????2.2%?????????????5.4%,????4.0%???????11.9%???????“???”?? ???????????????:??????????