????:1???????????:??????????

2?????90????????

3?2023????????

4???????????

5???????

????10???????????14???????????????????????????(????)2024??????????????????“??????????”?????????????10??14?????????????,2024?????,Daron Acemoglu,Simon Johnson?????James A. Robinson???????????

“?????????????????????”??????

????????????????????????????“????????”???,????????????????“????????”,???????????????“??”???????????

???????????1968??????,??????????????????????????????????,????,??

??“????????”,??????????,??????????????67???2007???????????(Leonid Hurwicz),?,???90?????????????2019????(Esther Duflo),???????????????46?????????

???,??????,??????????????????????????????????2009???????(Elinor Ostrom)?

?????????????????:?????????????????????

?????????“?????”?

????????????1969????????2024??????????,???56?????????????,?90??????????????,?????????????

“?,???????,?????”???????????

1994???????????????????“?????”??????????????????«???????????»??????????????2015??,?????????????????????

2002??,???“???,???????????”?????????????????

??????:2018?????????????

2018????????????????,?????????????????(William D. Nordhaus)?????????????????????????(Paul M. Romer),???:“?”?“??????”?

??????????????????,????????????????,???????,???????????????????????

????????????

???????????,?,????“???????”,“??????????????”?

2017?????????????????????????????????(Richard Thaler)?“?”??,???????????????,??????????????,??????????????????????????,?,???????

?,?????

??????,???????????????7??,??500????5??,???????

????????????:2019??,?????

2019?,????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????,?,?????????,????????

“2019???????????????,??,??????????????”?????????(??????????)

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